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Use the following to answer question: Use the following to answer question:   -(Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets) Use Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets.The market for gadgets consists of two producers,Margaret and Ray.Each firm can produce gadgets at a marginal cost of $2 and no fixed cost.If these two producers formed a cartel,agreed to split production of output evenly,and acted to maximize total industry profits,total industry output would be _____,and the price would be _____. A) 1,000;$10 B) 100;$9 C) 400;$6 D) 500;$5 -(Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets) Use Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets.The market for gadgets consists of two producers,Margaret and Ray.Each firm can produce gadgets at a marginal cost of $2 and no fixed cost.If these two producers formed a cartel,agreed to split production of output evenly,and acted to maximize total industry profits,total industry output would be _____,and the price would be _____.


A) 1,000;$10
B) 100;$9
C) 400;$6
D) 500;$5

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Use the following to answer question: Figure: Payoff Matrix for Jake and Zoe Use the following to answer question: Figure: Payoff Matrix for Jake and Zoe   -(Figure: Payoff Matrix for Jake and Zoe) Use Figure: Payoff Matrix for Jake and Zoe.Jake and Zoe are the only producers of slushies in their tourist town.Every week,each decides whether to price high or price low for the following week.The figure shows the profit per week earned by their two firms.According to the Nash equilibrium,Jake prices _____ and Zoe prices _____. A) high;high B) high;low C) low;high D) low;low -(Figure: Payoff Matrix for Jake and Zoe) Use Figure: Payoff Matrix for Jake and Zoe.Jake and Zoe are the only producers of slushies in their tourist town.Every week,each decides whether to price high or price low for the following week.The figure shows the profit per week earned by their two firms.According to the Nash equilibrium,Jake prices _____ and Zoe prices _____.


A) high;high
B) high;low
C) low;high
D) low;low

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Gary's Gas and Frank's Fuel are the only two providers of gasoline in their small town.Gary summarizes his pricing strategy as,"I'll do to Frank (price-wise) what Frank did to me last time." This is an example of:


A) a dominant strategy.
B) a tit-for-tat strategy.
C) an irrational strategy.
D) product differentiation.

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Use the following to answer question: Figure: Payoff Matrix for the United States and the European Union Use the following to answer question: Figure: Payoff Matrix for the United States and the European Union   -(Figure: Payoff Matrix for the United States and the European Union) Use Figure: Payoff Matrix for the United States and the European Union.Suppose that the United States and the European Union both produce corn,and each region can make more profit if output is limited and the price of corn is high.The Nash equilibrium combination is for the United States to produce a _____ output and the European Union to produce a _____ output. A) high;high B) high;low C) low;low D) low;high -(Figure: Payoff Matrix for the United States and the European Union) Use Figure: Payoff Matrix for the United States and the European Union.Suppose that the United States and the European Union both produce corn,and each region can make more profit if output is limited and the price of corn is high.The Nash equilibrium combination is for the United States to produce a _____ output and the European Union to produce a _____ output.


A) high;high
B) high;low
C) low;low
D) low;high

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Cartels made up of a large number of firms are unstable because each firm in the cartel:


A) has an incentive to cheat.
B) is producing a relatively homogeneous product in which entry barriers are low.
C) does not have to worry about losses.
D) recognizes that the market size is relatively stable.

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Two players in a game both have an incentive to cheat no matter what the other player does.Furthermore,if both players cheat in this manner,both players will be worse off.This is a:


A) prisoners' dilemma.
B) tit-for-tat strategy.
C) price leadership model.
D) kinked demand curve model.

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Use the following to answer question: Use the following to answer question:   -(Table: Two Rival Gas Stations) Use Table: Two Rival Gas Stations.The table shows a payoff matrix for two gas stations in a small town.Each firm can set either a high price or a low price,and customers view these two firms as nearly perfect substitutes.Profits in each cell of the payoff matrix are given as (Swifty's profit,Speedy's profit) .If each firm sets the price independently,the Nash equilibrium outcome will be: A) $100,$100. B) $150,$25. C) $25,$150. D) $50,$50. -(Table: Two Rival Gas Stations) Use Table: Two Rival Gas Stations.The table shows a payoff matrix for two gas stations in a small town.Each firm can set either a high price or a low price,and customers view these two firms as nearly perfect substitutes.Profits in each cell of the payoff matrix are given as (Swifty's profit,Speedy's profit) .If each firm sets the price independently,the Nash equilibrium outcome will be:


A) $100,$100.
B) $150,$25.
C) $25,$150.
D) $50,$50.

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The market structure characterized by a few interdependent firms and barriers to entry is called:


A) monopolistic competition.
B) perfect competition.
C) oligopoly.
D) monopoly.

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Which scenarios BEST describes an oligopolistic industry?


A) A single cable company serves customers in a small town.
B) Thousands of soybean farmers sell their output in a global commodities market.
C) Coca-Cola and Pepsi sell most of the soft drinks consumed around the world.
D) A college has one bookstore selling textbooks to students.

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(Scenario: Payoff Matrix for Two Firms) Use Scenario: Payoff Matrix for Two Firms.Firm A has: Scenario: Payoff Matrix for Two Firms The following table provides the payoff matrix for two firms,firm A and firm B.They are the only two firms in the industry and can either compete or cooperate with each other,with the following profit results reflecting their actions. (Scenario: Payoff Matrix for Two Firms) Use Scenario: Payoff Matrix for Two Firms.Firm A has: Scenario: Payoff Matrix for Two Firms The following table provides the payoff matrix for two firms,firm A and firm B.They are the only two firms in the industry and can either compete or cooperate with each other,with the following profit results reflecting their actions.   A) a dominant strategy to compete. B) a dominant strategy to cooperate. C) two dominant strategies. D) no dominant strategy.


A) a dominant strategy to compete.
B) a dominant strategy to cooperate.
C) two dominant strategies.
D) no dominant strategy.

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If there are two gas stations in a very small town,then the gas station business there is probably BEST characterized as:


A) perfectly competitive.
B) monopolistically competitive.
C) monopolistic.
D) oligopolistic.

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A strategy of tit-for-tat involves playing cooperatively at first,then doing whatever the other player did the previous period.

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Gary's Gas and Frank's Fuel are the only two providers of gasoline in their small town.Gary and Frank decide to form a cartel to raise the price of gasoline.The total industry profits are highest when _____ cheat(s) on the agreement,and Gary's profits are highest when _____.


A) neither firm;neither firm cheats on the agreement
B) neither firm;Gary cheats but Frank does not
C) both firms;Gary cheats but Frank does not
D) both Gary and Frank;both Gary and Frank cheat

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Use the following to answer question: Figure: Pricing Strategy in Cable TV Market I Use the following to answer question: Figure: Pricing Strategy in Cable TV Market I   -(Figure: Pricing Strategy in Cable TV Market I) Use Figure: Pricing Strategy in Cable TV Market I.In the figure,the dominant strategy for CableSouth: A) is to advertise. B) is not to advertise. C) is to do whatever CableNorth does. D) does not exist. -(Figure: Pricing Strategy in Cable TV Market I) Use Figure: Pricing Strategy in Cable TV Market I.In the figure,the dominant strategy for CableSouth:


A) is to advertise.
B) is not to advertise.
C) is to do whatever CableNorth does.
D) does not exist.

Correct Answer

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Use the following to answer question: Figure: Payoff Matrix II for Blue Spring and Purple Rain Use the following to answer question: Figure: Payoff Matrix II for Blue Spring and Purple Rain   -(Figure: Payoff Matrix II for Blue Spring and Purple Rain) Use Figure: Payoff Matrix II for Blue Spring and Purple Rain.The figure describes two producers of bottled water.The Nash equilibrium in the figure is reached when Blue Spring charges a _____ price and Purple Rain charges a _____ price. A) high;high B) low;low C) high;low D) low;high -(Figure: Payoff Matrix II for Blue Spring and Purple Rain) Use Figure: Payoff Matrix II for Blue Spring and Purple Rain.The figure describes two producers of bottled water.The Nash equilibrium in the figure is reached when Blue Spring charges a _____ price and Purple Rain charges a _____ price.


A) high;high
B) low;low
C) high;low
D) low;high

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Use the following to answer question: Figure: Monopoly Profits in Duopoly Use the following to answer question: Figure: Monopoly Profits in Duopoly   -(Figure: Monopoly Profits in Duopoly) Use Figure: Monopoly Profits in Duopoly.If the two firms in the figure colluded to split production evenly and to maximize their joint profits,the market price they set would be _____,and each firm's economic profit would be _____.(Assume that the market demand curve is D<sub>2</sub>. )  A) P<sub>2</sub>;given by the area of the rectangle bounded by P<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub>EF = FEBG B) P<sub>1</sub>;P<sub>1</sub>P<sub>3</sub>AF C) P<sub>3</sub>;given by the area of the rectangle bounded by 0P<sub>3</sub>AQ<sub>1</sub> D) P<sub>2</sub>;given by the area of the rectangle bounded by P<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub>BG -(Figure: Monopoly Profits in Duopoly) Use Figure: Monopoly Profits in Duopoly.If the two firms in the figure colluded to split production evenly and to maximize their joint profits,the market price they set would be _____,and each firm's economic profit would be _____.(Assume that the market demand curve is D2. )


A) P2;given by the area of the rectangle bounded by P1P2EF = FEBG
B) P1;P1P3AF
C) P3;given by the area of the rectangle bounded by 0P3AQ1
D) P2;given by the area of the rectangle bounded by P1P2BG

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Until recently,most advanced countries except the United States did not have policies against price fixing.

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Suppose all of the firms in an industry form a cartel and succeed in raising the price to the monopoly level by reducing output.Any single firm will find that it can increase its profits by cheating on the cartel agreement.

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Use the following to answer question: Use the following to answer question:   -(Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets) Use Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets.The market for gadgets consists of two producers,Margaret and Ray.Each firm can produce gadgets with no marginal cost or fixed cost.Suppose that these two producers have formed a cartel,agreed to split production of output evenly,and are maximizing total industry profits.If Margaret decides to cheat on the agreement and sell 100 more gadgets but Ray continues to sell 250 gadgets,Ray's profits will be: A) $1,400. B) $1,250. C) $1,000. D) $400. -(Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets) Use Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets.The market for gadgets consists of two producers,Margaret and Ray.Each firm can produce gadgets with no marginal cost or fixed cost.Suppose that these two producers have formed a cartel,agreed to split production of output evenly,and are maximizing total industry profits.If Margaret decides to cheat on the agreement and sell 100 more gadgets but Ray continues to sell 250 gadgets,Ray's profits will be:


A) $1,400.
B) $1,250.
C) $1,000.
D) $400.

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Which Herfindahl-Hirschman index is MOST likely to indicate a perfectly competitive market?


A) 100
B) 1,800
C) 10,000
D) 100,000

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