Question 1

Critics have described the psychodynamic perspective as:

Accepted Answer

A)   biased against females, empirically testable, and overemphasizing unconscious desires
B)   empirically untestable, but not biased against females
C)   biased against females and empirically untestable
D)   biased against females, empirically untestable, and overemphasizing unconscious desires

Question 2

Working hard to sell the most widgets for your employer in order to earn a bonus and paid vacation is behavior that is shaped by the prospect of

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcement.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   positive reinforcement.
D)   secondary reinforcement.

Question 3

A witness to a brutal murder has trouble remembering any details of the crime. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is at work in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)   projection
B)   reaction formation
C)   regression
D)   repression

Question 4

One of the chief goals of terror management theory is to explain why people need

Accepted Answer

A)   death anxiety.
B)   self-esteem.
C)   contact comfort.
D)   defense mechanisms.

Question 5

Humanistic psychologists' major charge against the behaviorist and psychodynamic theories was that these models were

Accepted Answer

A)   based on personal growth.
B)   unscientific.
C)   dehumanizing.
D)   too optimistic.

Question 6

The humanistic theorist who emphasized the need for self-actualization and the hierarchical organization of needs was

Accepted Answer

A)   J.B. Watson.
B)  F. Skinner.
C)   Alfred Adler.
D)   Abraham Maslow.

Question 7

In classical conditioning, responses are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)   emitted.
B)   evoked.
C)   spontaneous.
D)   extinguished.

Question 8

Abraham Maslow argued that humans have an innate drive toward

Accepted Answer

A)   superiority.
B)   personal growth.
C)   Oedipal resolution.
D)   reproductive fitness.

Question 9

According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is called the

Accepted Answer

A)   id.
B)   ego.
C)   superego.
D)   preconscious.

Question 10

The idea that people are active participants in their learning is the core of

Accepted Answer

A)   learning reinforcement.
B)   respondent learning.
C)   social learning.
D)   accidental learning.

Question 11

According to Freud, a newborn baby is in the ____ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

A)   anal
B)   latency
C)   oral
D)   phallic

Question 12

It has been theorized that reactions to a terrorist attack cause people to

Accepted Answer

A)   be more likely to help others
B)   reaffirm their faith
C)   have less tolerance for differing views
D)   all of these

Question 13

The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-report inventories.
B)   projective techniques.
C)   attitude inventories.
D)   achievement tests.

Question 14

One criticism of the behavioral approach in the past is that

Accepted Answer

A)   cognition is not directly observable behavior.
B)   it focused too much on the unconscious.
C)   there was no scientific basis.
D)   there was too much research on people instead of other animals.

Question 15

Most psychological tests can be placed in one of two broad categories:

Accepted Answer

A)   IQ tests and attitude tests.
B)   aptitude tests and achievement tests.
C)   mental ability tests and personality tests.
D)   projective tests and standardized tests.

Question 16

Carl Jung proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers, the ____ and the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   preconscious; subconscious
B)   personal unconscious; collective unconscious
C)   personal unconscious; universal preconscious
D)   individual archetype; collective archetype

Question 17

According to Freud, in order to achieve healthy development, a child in the phallic stage must resolve the Oedipal complex and learn to ____ the same sex parent.

Accepted Answer

A)   annoy
B)   be fearful of
C)   deceive
D)   identify with

Question 18

Distinguish between how people generally describe punishment and
B.F. Skinner's description of the concept of punishment.

Accepted Answer

People generally describe punishment as ...

Question 19

Behaviorists have provided the most thorough account of why people

Accepted Answer

A)   are only moderately consistent in their behavior.
B)   become fixated at particular stages of development.
C)   are not influenced by the consequences of their behavior.
D)   tend to react with aggression when they are frustrated.

Question 20

Albert Bandura differed from other behaviorists in that he gave an important role to ____ in influencing human behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexes
B)   cognition
C)   consequences
D)   punishments

Exam 2: Theories of Personality

Carl Jung proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers, the ____ and the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, in order to achieve healthy development, a child in the phallic stage must resolve the Oedipal complex and learn to ____ the same sex parent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One criticism of the behavioral approach in the past is that

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Most psychological tests can be placed in one of two broad categories:

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Abraham Maslow argued that humans have an innate drive toward

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been theorized that reactions to a terrorist attack cause people to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A witness to a brutal murder has trouble remembering any details of the crime. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is at work in this example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, responses are said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critics have described the psychodynamic perspective as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinguish between how people generally describe punishment and B.F. Skinner's description of the concept of punishment.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIPeople generally describe punishment as ...View AnswerShow Answer

Humanistic psychologists' major charge against the behaviorist and psychodynamic theories was that these models were

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the chief goals of terror management theory is to explain why people need

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that people are active participants in their learning is the core of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Working hard to sell the most widgets for your employer in order to earn a bonus and paid vacation is behavior that is shaped by the prospect of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The humanistic theorist who emphasized the need for self-actualization and the hierarchical organization of needs was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Albert Bandura differed from other behaviorists in that he gave an important role to ____ in influencing human behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, a newborn baby is in the ____ stage of psychosexual development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behaviorists have provided the most thorough account of why people

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Jung proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers, the and the .

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People generally describe punishment as ...
View Answer

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