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The process by which certain birds form attachments during a critical period very early in life is called


A) imprinting.
B) conservation.
C) assimilation.
D) accommodation.

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From 2 weeks to 8 weeks after conception,the human organism is known as a(n)


A) embryo.
B) fetus.
C) zygote.
D) ovum.

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Compared with younger adults,the amygdala in older adults shows


A) diminishing activity in response to positive events.
B) enhanced activity in response to negative events.
C) diminishing activity in response to negative events.
D) enhanced activity in response to positive events.

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Authoritarian parents are especially likely to be


A) coercive.
B) confrontive.
C) unrestraining.
D) trusting.

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Which of the following factors contributes most positively to the development of secure attachment between human infants and their mothers?


A) egocentrism
B) responsive parenting
C) stranger anxiety
D) authoritarian discipline

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Mary believes that cognitive development is a matter of gradual and almost imperceptible changes over time.Her viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of


A) nature and nurture.
B) genes and environment.
C) continuity and stages.
D) stability and change.

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During a routine prenatal exam,Janet's obstetrician detected the heartbeat of her future baby.The earliest possible period of development medically indicated at this point would be the ________ period.


A) embryonic
B) zygotic
C) fetal
D) epigenetic

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Learning the rising or falling intonations of spoken language first begins during


A) conception.
B) the first week after birth.
C) the embryonic stage.
D) the fetal period.

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A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a


A) pruning process.
B) critical period.
C) rite of passage.
D) delay of gratification.

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If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation,they are unable to


A) deal with the discipline of toilet training.
B) see things from the point of view of another person.
C) recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.
D) retain earlier schemas when confronted by new experiences.

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Putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of crib death has been associated with a slight delay in children's


A) walking.
B) crawling.
C) bladder control.
D) stranger anxiety.

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As newborns,we turn our heads in the direction of human voices and we gaze longer at more face-like images.This best illustrates that we are born preferring sights and sounds that facilitate


A) development through distinct stages.
B) continuity of personality.
C) cumulative growth.
D) social responsiveness.

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In late adulthood,Mr.Klondike has become increasingly likely to make socially impolite remarks about other people's appearance or mannerisms.His blunt comments are most likely to indicate late life shrinkage of the ________ lobes.


A) temporal
B) occipital
C) parietal
D) frontal

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Miguel,the youngest child of a high school athletic director,was able to roll over at 3 months,crawl at 6 months,and walk at 12 months.This ordered sequence of motor development was largely due to


A) the baby's temperament.
B) maturation.
C) responsive parenting.
D) imprinting.

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Even though Alicia was busy playing when her mother came to pick her up from her babysitter,she quickly ran to her mother,gesturing to be held.Alicia most clearly showed signs of


A) conservation.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) secure attachment.
D) egocentrism.

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Preconventional morality is to postconventional morality as ________ is to ________.


A) caring relationship;ethical principles
B) self-interest;social approval
C) social approval;self-interest
D) self-interest;ethical principles

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Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of the major developmental milestones.


A) both the sequence and the age-related timing
B) the sequence but not the age-related timing
C) the age-related timing but not the sequence
D) neither the sequence nor the age-related timing

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Dr.Anders is a 45-year-old physician who experiences a sense of personal fulfillment in contributing to the well-being of others through her medical practice.Erik Erikson would have suggested that Dr.Anders experiences


A) plasticity.
B) autonomy.
C) attachment.
D) generativity.

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At about 30 hours old,American and Swedish newborns were observed to pause more in their pacifier sucking when listening to


A) familiar vowels from their mother's language.
B) unfamiliar words from their father's language.
C) the voice sounds of a sibling.
D) musical instruments over a radio.

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