Question 1

Perhaps the MOST influential early research on operant conditioning was conducted by:

Accepted Answer

A)   B.F.Skinner.
B)   John B.Watson.
C)   Ivan Pavlov.
D)   Albert Bandura.

Question 2

Operant conditioning is based on associations between stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

_____ occurs when an extinguished CR reappears after a period of rest.

Accepted Answer

A)   Stimulus generalization
B)   Stimulus discrimination
C)   Successive approximation
D)   Spontaneous recovery

Question 4

Ivan Pavlov is associated with the study of classical conditioning.This means that he studied how:

Accepted Answer

A)   people learn by imitating others.
B)   organisms associate two different stimuli.
C)   people associate their behaviors with their consequences.
D)   organisms respond to repeated stimuli.

Question 5

To which process in perception is the concept of habituation in learning MOST similar?

Accepted Answer

A)   sensation
B)   accommodation
C)   constancy
D)   adaptation

Question 6

Psychologists use the general term _____ to refer to all those behaviors that benefit others.

Accepted Answer

A)   prosocial
B)   nice
C)   altruistic
D)   empathetic

Question 7

Which type of consequence is correctly matched with an example?

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement - Vickie applies lotion to lessen the discomfort of a small burn.
B)   negative reinforcement - Ella's parents confiscate her car keys for breaking curfew.
C)   positive punishment - Laurel's mother yells at her when Laurel takes $20 from her purse.
D)   negative punishment - Maddie receives a bonus for outstanding work performance.

Question 8

Learning refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   an organism's decline in response following repeated stimulation.
B)   an organism's response to an event or occurrence.
C)   a relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking due to experience.
D)   an organism's ability to associate a behavior with its consequences.

Question 9

In the final phase of the classical conditioning process:

Accepted Answer

A)   an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response.
B)   a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
C)   a conditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned response.
D)   a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus.

Question 10

A bright light causes people to blink reflexively.In this instance,blinking is a conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Classical conditioning is the same thing as _____ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher order
B)   instrumental
C)   operant
D)   Pavlovian

Question 12

Behavior is decreased by:

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement and negative punishment.
B)   positive punishment and negative reinforcement..
C)   negative reinforcement and positive punishment.
D)   positive punishment and negative punishment.

Question 13

In the first phase of the classical conditioning process,a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Negative punishment ____ a given behavior.Negative reinforcement _____ a given behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   decreases; decreases
B)   decreases; increases
C)   increases; decreases
D)   increases; increases

Question 15

Money is to food as _____ reinforcement is to _____ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary; secondary
B)   secondary; primary
C)   positive; negative
D)   negative; positive

Question 16

In the process called shaping,behaviors eventually disappear when they are no longer reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In classical conditioning,the neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus during the _____ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)   recovery
B)   acquisition
C)   generalization
D)   extinction

Question 18

Negative reinforcement weakens behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Higher order conditioning entails forming an association between a conditioned stimulus and a new neutral stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In the first phase of the classical conditioning process:

Accepted Answer

A)   an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response.
B)   a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
C)   a conditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned response.
D)   a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus.

Exam 5: Learning

Money is to food as _____ reinforcement is to _____ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behavior is decreased by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of consequence is correctly matched with an example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative punishment ____ a given behavior.Negative reinforcement _____ a given behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Higher order conditioning entails forming an association between a conditioned stimulus and a new neutral stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ occurs when an extinguished CR reappears after a period of rest.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ivan Pavlov is associated with the study of classical conditioning.This means that he studied how:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bright light causes people to blink reflexively.In this instance,blinking is a conditioned response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the first phase of the classical conditioning process,a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To which process in perception is the concept of habituation in learning MOST similar?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning is the same thing as _____ conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the final phase of the classical conditioning process:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,the neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus during the _____ phase.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists use the general term _____ to refer to all those behaviors that benefit others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the first phase of the classical conditioning process:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Perhaps the MOST influential early research on operant conditioning was conducted by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant conditioning is based on associations between stimuli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative reinforcement weakens behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process called shaping,behaviors eventually disappear when they are no longer reinforced.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Money is to food as _ reinforcement is to _ reinforcement.

Correct Answer
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Negative punishment a given behavior.Negative reinforcement _ a given behavior.

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