Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

A) objective tests.
B) projective tests.
C) double-blind tests.
D) single-blind tests.

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A) the result was obtained purely by chance and is not real.
B) the probability that the result is due to real differences between groups is .05.
C) there is a positive relationship between variables.
D) the probability that the result occurred by chance is low, and therefore the result is probably real.

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A) a score on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
B) a feeling of extreme nervousness
C) the opposite of feeling relaxed
D) a sense of worry

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A) It is a sentence negating the assumption that is considered correct by a researcher.
B) It is a theory that has not yet been accepted by most scientists.
C) It is a statement about a relationship between variables that may be empirically tested.
D) It is a precise definition of a term used in a theory.

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A) control variable
B) confounding variable
C) independent variable
D) dependent variable

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A) .00
B) -1.00
C) +1.00
D) +.50

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A) scientists must be careful not to falsify their results.
B) all theories will eventually be shown to be false.
C) a scientist must state an idea in such a way that it can be refuted or disproved by counterevidence.
D) theories that have not been proven are considered false.

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A good answer will include the following...

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A) the relationship between the two variables is very strong.
B) the relationship between the two variables is very weak.
C) as one variable increases, so does the other.
D) a calculation error has been made.

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A) the size and direction of the relationship between two variables.
B) whether one variable causes the other variable to happen.
C) the unintended changes in a subject's behaviour due to the experimenter's cues.
D) whether or not the principle of falsifiability applies to each variable.

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A) height and weight
B) average income and shoe sizes
C) average income and the incidence of dental disease
D) school grades and number of hours spent playing video games

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A) extraneous variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) confounding variable.
D) independent variable.

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A) they work with complicated computers and laboratory equipment.
B) they rely upon sophisticated brain-imaging machines.
C) they base their work on scientific attitudes and procedures.
D) psychology is related to human biology, which is an important part of science.

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A) the Milgram doctrine.
B) the CPA code.
C) informed consent.
D) human welfare.

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A) unintended changes in subjects' behaviour due to cues from the experimenter.
B) strength of the relationship between two variables.
C) behaviours of subjects of different ages compared at a given time.
D) behaviours of subjects followed and periodically assessed over time.

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A) Skepticism about a claim is generally unnecessary if the person making the claim is an authority on the topic.
B) Skepticism in science is the willingness to accept an idea without empirical evidence.
C) Skepticism means always refusing to believe the claims of authorities in the field.
D) Good scientists must balance skepticism and openness to new ideas.

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