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Exam 3: Genes, Evolution, and Environment

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Question 111

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Which of the following best describes the position of most psychologists today on the nature-nurture issue?

A) Nature and nurture interact to produce both our psychological and physical traits.
B) Nature is more important in producing our physical traits, whereas nurture is more important in producing our psychological traits.
C) Nature is more important in producing our psychological traits, whereas nurture is more important in producing our physical traits.
D) Some of our psychological traits are produced primarily by nature and some by nurture, but nature is most important in producing our physical traits.

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Question 112

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What is epigenetics? How are epigenetic changes different than genetic changes?

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Question 113

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Describe the structure of DNA. Who discovered this structure?

Epigenetic changes:

According to sociobiologists, males typically have a large biological investment in each pregnancy they produce.

According to sociobiologists, it is evolutionarily beneficial for females to:

Within every cell are rod-shaped structures called ribosomes that carry genes.

The human genome is estimated to contain about _______________ genes.

The distribution of the scores on an IQ test approximates a bell-shaped curve.

_______________ may occur because of mistakes made when DNA copies itself during cell divisions or because of environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

_______________ is defined as a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Males should be promiscuous and drawn to sexual novelty, according to sociobiologists.

Psychologists who emphasized the role of genes and nature in the creation of human diversity were called empiricists.

The functional units of heredity that are located on chromosomes, are composed of DNA, and specify the structure of proteins are called:

According to your textbook, which of the following environmental factors is associated with reduced intelligence?

The study of stable changes in the expression of a particular gene that occur without changes in DNA base sequences is called:

For adults, heritability estimates for intelligence average around ______________.

Evolutionary biologists often start with an observation about some characteristic and then try to account for it in evolutionary terms. How might they explain the difference in the plumage of male peacocks when compared to the females?

"Junk DNA" has no real function and is not biologically important.

All of the cells of the human body (except for sperm and ova cells) contain _______________ chromosomes.