A) vitamin D - aids calcium absorption
B) vitamin C - necessary for collagen synthesis
C) vitamin D - obtained by synthesis or ingestion
D) sex hormones - cause spurt of growth at puberty
E) parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys
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A) has its collagen fibers randomly oriented.
B) has a porous appearance.
C) is organized into thin sheets of tissue.
D) is very light in weight.
E) is not easily restructured.
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A) Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
B) Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
C) The protein components of bone matrix are synthesized.
D) Ca2+ is actively transported from blood to bone matrix.
E) Blood calcium is decreased.
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A) bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection.
B) a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix.
C) a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion.
D) a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.
E) a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development.
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A) length.
B) diameter.
C) the epiphyseal plate.
D) the articular cartilage.
E) all of these areas.
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A) Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts.
B) A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops.
C) Cancellous bone is formed.
D) Periosteum is formed.
E) Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop.
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A) circumferential.
B) concentric.
C) interstitial.
D) appositional.
E) oppositional.
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A) bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection.
B) a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix.
C) a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion.
D) a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.
E) a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development.
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A) osteochondral progenitor cell
B) osteoblasts
C) osteocytes
D) osteoclasts
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A) PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast.
B) Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts.
C) Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption.
D) Calcium is lost in urine.
E) PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine.
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