Question 1

Which of the following is the best means of randomly assigning subjects to conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Place students into groups in the order they sign up for the experiment.
B)   Placing every other student into one of the two groups.
C)   Give each student a number and compare them to a random number table.
D)   Give each student a number, write them on slips of paper and shake them in a hat.

Question 2

The difference between a nuisance variable and a confounded variable is

Accepted Answer

A)   There is no difference. They are the same thing.
B)   A nuisance variable varies with the independent variable
C)   A confounded variable varies with the dependent variable
D)   A confounded variable varies with the independent variable

Question 3

One learns to do research by

Accepted Answer

A)   Studying examples of research
B)   Reading about it in text books
C)   Doing research
D)   All of the above

Question 4

Scientists have studied nerve conduction in the giant nerve axon of the squid because

Accepted Answer

A)   It is larger than the axons of other animals, and thus makes an excellent preparation
B)   Squids are cheap and plentiful
C)   Its nerves fire repeatedly in the same way, generating more reliability than mammals
D)   Reaction time can be measured for its nervous system

Question 5

Including a nuisance variable as an independent variable in your experimental design

Accepted Answer

A)   is a mistake to be avoided
B)   can increase the sensitivity of the experiment
C)   is a type of manipulation check
D)   decreases the generality of the results

Question 6

Using subjects as their own control involves which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   equating groups on one or more variables that is highly related to the dependent variable
B)   exposing each participant to multiple conditions
C)   exposing each individual to a unique and different treatment
D)   using the analysis of covariance technique

Question 7

Within-subjects experiments always have

Accepted Answer

A)   control groups
B)   control conditions
C)   random assignment of subjects to conditions
D)   nuisance variables

Question 8

The standard error of the mean decreases in direct proportion with the

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of subjects squared
B)   square root of the number of subjects divided by the standard deviation
C)   the number of subjects
D)   anticipated variability of the data

Question 9

Which one of the following is not a good general strategy for achieving control in research?

Accepted Answer

A)   using a laboratory setting
B)   instrumenting the response
C)   avoiding designs that require statistical analyses
D)   using trained researchers

Question 10

Statistical control is

Accepted Answer

A)   a way of equating subjects on paper that are actually not equal
B)   the same as randomization
C)   generally preferable to experimental control
D)   All of these are true. A

Question 11

Skinner emphasized which aspect of control?

Accepted Answer

A)   reduction of variability
B)   providing a standard of comparison
C)   using groups of subjects
D)   using statistical control A

Question 12

When designing an experiment, one must always have

Accepted Answer

A)   A control group
B)   An experimental group
C)   A control condition
D)   Confounded variables

Question 13

A study is designed to examine the effectiveness of a program in which participants are taught anger management techniques. The best way to design this study is

Accepted Answer

A)   With a within-subjects design, because there are contrast effects
B)   With a within-subjects design, because there are order effects
C)   With a between-subjects design, because there are contrast effects
D)   With a between-subjects design, so as to increase external validity

Question 14

Control may be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the ability to guide sources of variability in an experiment
B)   providing standards for comparing the effect of a particular variable
C)   providing techniques to reduce the effects of extraneous variables on the results
D)   all of these

Question 15

Which one of the following statements is true about a between-subjects experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Each subject experiences each condition.
B)   Different groups of subjects experience different conditions.
C)   Each group of subjects experiences each condition.
D)   Each individual experiences a different condition.

Question 16

The experimental preparation includes

Accepted Answer

A)   Extraneous variables
B)   The experimental protocol
C)   The experimental equipment
D)   The IRB proposal C

Question 17

Matching can reduce the precision of your experiment if

Accepted Answer

A)   the variable on which you match is not highly correlated with the dependent variable
B)   the variable on which you match is too highly correlated with the dependent variable
C)   the matching variable and the dependent variable are the same
D)   None of these are true. Matching always increases the precision of an experiment.

Question 18

Computer generated randomizations of a set of numbers

Accepted Answer

A)   Truly represent a random ordering
B)   Are not truly random
C)   May or may not be truly random, depending upon how they are calculated
D)   May or may not be truly random, depending upon whether or not you have used a proprietary randomization site

Question 19

For practical reasons, most experiments use a minimum of

Accepted Answer

A)   About 10 subjects per condition
B)   About 20 subjects
C)   About 20 subjects per condition
D)   About 24 subjects

Question 20

How do experimenters decide which methodology to use to test a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   A thorough review of the literature helps to reveal techniques generally used
B)   Trial and Error
C)   It doesn't matter; Statistics can make sense of any method
D)   If the hypothesis is to be supported, it will be proven any way you test it.

Exam 7: Control

Which of the following is the best means of randomly assigning subjects to conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difference between a nuisance variable and a confounded variable is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One learns to do research by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists have studied nerve conduction in the giant nerve axon of the squid because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Including a nuisance variable as an independent variable in your experimental design

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using subjects as their own control involves which one of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within-subjects experiments always have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The standard error of the mean decreases in direct proportion with the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is not a good general strategy for achieving control in research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Statistical control is

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Skinner emphasized which aspect of control?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

When designing an experiment, one must always have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A study is designed to examine the effectiveness of a program in which participants are taught anger management techniques. The best way to design this study is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Control may be defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements is true about a between-subjects experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The experimental preparation includes

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Matching can reduce the precision of your experiment if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Computer generated randomizations of a set of numbers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For practical reasons, most experiments use a minimum of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do experimenters decide which methodology to use to test a hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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C

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