Question 1

What change in renal regulation of H+ would help compensate for a metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   a decrease in the filtered load of H+
B)   an increase in the urinary pH
C)   a decrease in the tubular production of ammonia
D)   a decrease in the amount of H+ secreted in the proximal tubule
E)   an increase in the production of new plasma HCO3-

Question 2

A consequence of lack of vasopressin is excretion of sugar in the urine, which occurs in the condition diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Ingestion of large amounts of K+ triggers reflexes to limit the amount of K+ reabsorbed by the cortical collecting ducts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Large amounts of protein in a person's urine indicate that the person is eating a high-protein diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following most accurately describes the renal transport of Na+?

Accepted Answer

A)   Na+ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
B)   Primary active transport of Na+ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H+ in the proximal tubule.
C)   Most of the Na+ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
D)   Na+ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts.
E)   Na+ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K+, by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps.

Question 6

Which is TRUE about the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is composed of parts of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the efferent arteriole.
B)   It is composed of glomerular capillaries and the macula densa.
C)   It is the site of renin secretion.
D)   It is created by the junction between the proximal tubule and the afferent arteriole.
E)   It is composed of cells that secrete atrial natriuretic peptide and cells that secrete norepinephrine. C

Question 7

What is the rate-limiting (regulated)  step for stimulating the secretion of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)   conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the blood
B)   secretion of angiotensinogen by the liver
C)   conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood
D)   secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
E)   secretion of angiotensin II by the kidney

Question 8

Which is NOT true about the countercurrent multiplier system of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   It creates a hyperosmolar medullary interstitium that allows the kidneys to form hypertonic urine.
B)   The descending loop of Henle is permeable to water.
C)   There is active transport of sodium and chloride out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
D)   The ascending loop of Henle is not permeable to water.
E)   The fraction of filtered NaCl reabsorbed from the ascending limb equals the fraction of filtered water reabsorbed from the descending limb.

Question 9

In what segment of the nephron is the greatest fraction of filtered water reabsorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)   the proximal tubule
B)   the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
C)   the distal convoluted tubule
D)   the collecting ducts
E)   the descending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 10

The loss of 0.5 L of sweat would stimulate a greater increase in vasopressin secretion than the loss of an equal amount of blood plasma over the same period of time. This statement is:

Accepted Answer

A)   true, because sweat is hyperosmotic to plasma.
B)   true, because sweat is hypoosmotic to plasma.
C)   false, because sweat is hypoosmotic to plasma.
D)   false, because sweat is isosmotic to plasma.
E)   false, because sweat is hyperosmotic to plasma.

Question 11

Stimuli that cause increased Na+ reabsorption decrease K+ secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following symptoms would a patient with a deficiency of parathyroid hormone be most likely to experience?

Accepted Answer

A)   low plasma calcium levels and decreased muscular excitability
B)   low plasma calcium levels and increased muscular excitability
C)   high plasma calcium levels and decreased muscular excitability
D)   high plasma calcium levels and increased muscular excitability
E)   high plasma calcium levels and abnormally weak bones

Question 13

Both Na+ and Cl- freely filter from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space, with no secretion along the renal tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The anatomic arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons in the kidneys is such that the glomerulus, proximal tubule, and distal convoluted tubule are in the renal cortex, while the loop of Henle and collecting ducts lie mainly in the renal medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which would result from ingesting a large amount of salt?

Accepted Answer

A)   urine osmolarity would decrease
B)   atrial natriuretic factor secretion would decrease
C)   firing by hypothalamic osmoreceptors would decrease
D)   secretion of atrial natriuretic factor would increase
E)   secretion of vasopressin would decrease

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning the process of glomerular filtration is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space opposes filtration.
B)   The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a transport maximum.
C)   All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillaries is filtered.
D)   The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors filtration.
E)   The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration. A

Question 17

One response to increased H+ production in the body is decreased reabsorption of HCO3- by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 18

After prolonged exertion in a hot climate, baroreceptors would ________ firing, leading to ________ secretion of ________ and thus ________ renal reabsorption of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase; increased; renin; increased; Na+
B)   decrease; increased; renin; decreased; Na+
C)   decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water
D)   increase; decreased; vasopressin; decreased; water
E)   decrease; decreased; vasopressin; increased; water

Question 19

The filtered load of water in an average person is approximately 180 L/day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Regulation of extracellular K+ is not critical to body function because only about 2% of the total-body K+ is in the extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

What change in renal regulation of H+ would help compensate for a metabolic acidosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A consequence of lack of vasopressin is excretion of sugar in the urine, which occurs in the condition diabetes mellitus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingestion of large amounts of K+ triggers reflexes to limit the amount of K+ reabsorbed by the cortical collecting ducts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large amounts of protein in a person's urine indicate that the person is eating a high-protein diet.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following most accurately describes the renal transport of Na+?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is TRUE about the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

What is the rate-limiting (regulated) step for stimulating the secretion of aldosterone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT true about the countercurrent multiplier system of the kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what segment of the nephron is the greatest fraction of filtered water reabsorbed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The loss of 0.5 L of sweat would stimulate a greater increase in vasopressin secretion than the loss of an equal amount of blood plasma over the same period of time. This statement is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stimuli that cause increased Na+ reabsorption decrease K+ secretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following symptoms would a patient with a deficiency of parathyroid hormone be most likely to experience?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Na+ and Cl- freely filter from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space, with no secretion along the renal tubule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anatomic arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons in the kidneys is such that the glomerulus, proximal tubule, and distal convoluted tubule are in the renal cortex, while the loop of Henle and collecting ducts lie mainly in the renal medulla.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which would result from ingesting a large amount of salt?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the process of glomerular filtration is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

One response to increased H+ production in the body is decreased reabsorption of HCO3- by the kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

After prolonged exertion in a hot climate, baroreceptors would ________ firing, leading to ________ secretion of ________ and thus ________ renal reabsorption of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The filtered load of water in an average person is approximately 180 L/day.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regulation of extracellular K+ is not critical to body function because only about 2% of the total-body K+ is in the extracellular fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What change in renal regulation of H⁺ would help compensate for a metabolic acidosis?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Ingestion of large amounts of K⁺ triggers reflexes to limit the amount of K⁺ reabsorbed by the cortical collecting ducts.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following most accurately describes the renal transport of Na⁺?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Stimuli that cause increased Na⁺ reabsorption decrease K⁺ secretion.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Both Na⁺ and Cl^- freely filter from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space, with no secretion along the renal tubule.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A

One response to increased H⁺ production in the body is decreased reabsorption of HCO₃^- by the kidneys.

Correct Answer
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False

After prolonged exertion in a hot climate, baroreceptors would firing, leading to secretion of and thus renal reabsorption of .

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Regulation of extracellular K⁺ is not critical to body function because only about 2% of the total-body K⁺ is in the extracellular fluid.

Correct Answer
verified