Question 1

Descriptive statistics are statistical procedures that organize and summarize research data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In order to be useful,a test must be valid,that is,it must:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce the same results from one time to the next.
B)  produce comparable results when alternate forms are given.
C)  compare results against established standards of performance.
D)  measure what it is designed to measure.

Question 3

An association between increases in one variable and decreases in the other variable is called a positive correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The principle of falsifiability means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists,as well as people in general,tend to accept false information when it is endorsed by an authority.
B)  a scientist must state an idea in such a way that it can be refuted or disproved by counterevidence.
C)  scientists must be careful not to falsify their results.
D)  theories that have not been proven are considered falsified.

Question 5

The Tri-Council policy statement published in 1998 regarding the ethical conduct for research involving humans contains the following principles EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  respect for free and informed consent.
B)  respect for vulnerable persons.
C)  respect for human dignity.
D)  limiting the use of deception.

Question 6

Dr.Wiseman wants to know about the alcohol consumption patterns among college students in Canada.He should:

Accepted Answer

A)  draw a representative sample among college students.
B)  give the survey to every college student in the country.
C)  require students' names on each survey to avoid the tendency to lie.
D)  remember that sample size is the most critical factor in survey research.

Question 7

The Tri-Council and CPA's ethical guidelines require researchers to thoroughly debrief participants about the true purpose of a study if deception has been involved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

All of the following are accurate statements regarding random assignment EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a procedure in which each subject has the same possibility of being assigned to a given group.
B)  it is a procedure in which subjects are assigned to a positive correlation or a negative correlation condition.
C)  it is a procedure for assigning people to experimental and control groups.
D)  it is a procedure that allows individual characteristics to be roughly balanced between groups.

Question 9

A/an ________ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation
B)  independent variable
C)  experimental effect
D)  dependent variable

Question 10

All of the following variables EXCEPT ________ show a negative correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  the price of a car and the age of a car
B)  hours spent watching TV and grade point average
C)  average income and the incidence of dental disease
D)  adult shoe size and IQ scores

Question 11

Descriptive methods yield characterizations of behaviour but not necessarily causal explanations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Psychologists follow a code of ethics that has been developed by the Tri-Council.Describe five reasons why psychologists study animals.Explain the Tri-Council code in regard to research with animal subjects.Why has animal research provoked angry disputes?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 13

A team of psychologists is studying changes in attitudes toward nuclear disarmament after a TV movie about nuclear holocaust.It is most likely that they are conducting a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  test.
B)  experiment.
C)  observational study.
D)  case study.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about correlation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive correlations are meaningful,but negative ones are not.
B)  A strong correlation is indicative of a causal relationship between variables.
C)  Correlations close to +1.0 or -1.0 are strong,while correlations close to 0 are weak.
D)  Negative correlations are weak,but positive ones are strong.

Question 15

Which of the following is most characteristic of scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  reliance on scientific authority
B)  intense conviction that a hypothesis is true
C)  creativity in developing new ideas to test
D)  reliance on empirical evidence

Question 16

An advantage of a survey is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it shows whether two or more variables are related.
B)  firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn.
C)  it is often useful in the first stages of a research program.
D)  it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people.

Question 17

Professor Flummox gives her new test of psychological aptitude to her psychology students at the start of the year.At the end of the year,she finds out that those students who received excellent scores on her test averaged only a C in her courses.A shortcoming of the test is that it lacks:

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability.
B)  criterion validity.
C)  a representative sample.
D)  double-blind procedures.

Question 18

A researcher is interested in whether there is a relationship between musical ability and mathematical ability.The type of design best suited to this task would be a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  case study.
B)  correlational study.
C)  survey.
D)  naturalistic observation.

Question 19

A psychologist is studying gender relationships in childhood and early adolescence.Children in grade 4 and in grade 6 are observed during lunchtime at school in order to assess seating preferences of boys and girls.From this information,it is evident that the researcher is:

Accepted Answer

A)  conducting a cross-sectional study.
B)  able to draw firm conclusions about cause and effect.
C)  conducting a longitudinal study.
D)  performing a meta-analysis procedure.

Question 20

A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

Accepted Answer

A)  the math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of Canadian students
B)  the development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis
C)  physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies
D)  the ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

The Tri-Council policy statement published in 1998 regarding the ethical conduct for research involving humans contains the following principles EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of a survey is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An association between increases in one variable and decreases in the other variable is called a positive correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Flummox gives her new test of psychological aptitude to her psychology students at the start of the year.At the end of the year,she finds out that those students who received excellent scores on her test averaged only a C in her courses.A shortcoming of the test is that it lacks:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most characteristic of scientists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A team of psychologists is studying changes in attitudes toward nuclear disarmament after a TV movie about nuclear holocaust.It is most likely that they are conducting a/an:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are accurate statements regarding random assignment EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Descriptive statistics are statistical procedures that organize and summarize research data.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principle of falsifiability means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to be useful,a test must be valid,that is,it must:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is interested in whether there is a relationship between musical ability and mathematical ability.The type of design best suited to this task would be a/an:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist is studying gender relationships in childhood and early adolescence.Children in grade 4 and in grade 6 are observed during lunchtime at school in order to assess seating preferences of boys and girls.From this information,it is evident that the researcher is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists follow a code of ethics that has been developed by the Tri-Council.Describe five reasons why psychologists study animals.Explain the Tri-Council code in regard to research with animal subjects.Why has animal research provoked angry disputes?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

The Tri-Council and CPA's ethical guidelines require researchers to thoroughly debrief participants about the true purpose of a study if deception has been involved.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Wiseman wants to know about the alcohol consumption patterns among college students in Canada.He should:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A/an ________ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Descriptive methods yield characterizations of behaviour but not necessarily causal explanations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about correlation is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following variables EXCEPT ________ show a negative correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A good answer will include the following...
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