Question 1

Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.

Accepted Answer

A)  interstitial
B)  intracellular
C)  plasma
D)  cerebrospinal
E)  synovial

Question 2

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions,which of the following will result?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis
B)  alkalosis
C)  neither of these

Question 3

As the rate of sweat production increases,the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Accepted Answer

A)  increases.
B)  decreases.
C)  remains the same.

Question 4

Chloride ions

Accepted Answer

A)  are cations.
B)  are found only inside cells.
C)  are part of the DNA molecule.
D)  are regulated with Na+.
E)  are not found in extracellular fluid.

Question 5

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin.
B)  kidney.
C)  GI tract.
D)  adrenal cortex.
E)  sweat.

Question 6

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Accepted Answer

A)  thirst.
B)  vasodilatation.
C)  water movement into the cells.
D)  renal excretion of sodium.
E)  ADH production.

Question 7

Sodium homeostasis leads to the homeostasis of ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride
B)  hydrogen
C)  calcium
D)  potassium
E)  magnesium

Question 8

The sensation of thirst results from

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the plasma volume.
B)  hypertension (increased blood pressure) .
C)  stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus.
D)  a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid.
E)  stimulation of baroreceptors.

Question 9

Renin is released by the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs.
B)  kidney.
C)  spleen.
D)  liver.
E)  pancreas.

Question 10

What hormone regulates potassium levels,and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone; increases secretion of potassium
B)  Aldosterone; increases reabsorption of potassium
C)  ADH; increases secretion of potassium
D)  ADH; increases reabsorption of potassium
E)  ANH; increases reabsorption of potassium

Question 11

Stimulus for the secretion of parathyroid hormone is a decrease in serum

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium levels.
B)  calcium levels.
C)  calcitonin levels.
D)  phosphate levels.
E)  sodium levels.

Question 12

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Accepted Answer

A)  increases thirst.
B)  inhibits ADH.
C)  increases renin secretion.
D)  increases aldosterone secretion.
E)  decreases thirst.

Question 13

Calcium balance is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH and parathyroid hormone levels.
B)  ADH and aldosterone levels.
C)  parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels.
D)  aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels.
E)  insulin and glucagon.

Question 14

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

Accepted Answer

A)  renin.
B)  aldosterone.
C)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) .
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone.
E)  insulin.

Question 15

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein
B)  bicarbonate
C)  chloride
D)  water volume
E)  hydrogen ions

Question 16

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Accepted Answer

A)  cells to become more excitable.
B)  hyperpolarization of cell membranes.
C)  more action potentials to be generated.
D)  increased permeability of cell membranes.
E)  hypopolarization of cell membranes. B

Question 17

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney.
B)  increased secretion of potassium by the kidney.
C)  decreased reabsorption of sodium by the kidney.
D)  increased reabsorption of phosphate ions by the kidney.
E)  decreased secretion of potassium by the kidney. B

Question 18

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes,such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnesium
B)  Calcium
C)  Hydrogen
D)  Carbonate
E)  Phosphate

Question 19

Sensible perspiration

Accepted Answer

A)  contains only water.
B)  is water lost through simple evaporation.
C)  is secreted by the sweat glands.
D)  is invisible on the skin.
E)  is secreted by salivary glands. C

Question 20

Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.
B)  promotes osteoclast activity in the bones.
C)  reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys.
D)  reduces extracellular calcium ion levels.
E)  increases blood calcium levels.

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions,which of the following will result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the rate of sweat production increases,the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloride ions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium homeostasis leads to the homeostasis of ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sensation of thirst results from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renin is released by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What hormone regulates potassium levels,and how does it work?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stimulus for the secretion of parathyroid hormone is a decrease in serum

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium balance is influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes,such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sensible perspiration

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Calcitonin

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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C

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