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A message about brushing one's teeth conveyed by a dentist is more persuading than the same message from a student who has done a project on dental hygiene.This reflects the credibility of the communicator through:


A) perceived expertise.
B) perceived attractiveness.
C) speaking style.
D) body language.

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Which of the following is an example of a gain-framed message?


A) an antismoking ad that states "Smoking will lead to lung cancer"
B) a safe-sex ad that states "Unprotected sex increases your risk of contracting AIDS"
C) a dental floss ad that states "If you do not floss,you will have stained teeth"
D) a sunscreen ad that states "If you wear sunscreen,you will have youthful skin"

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What is the effect of fear-arousing communications?


A) Fear renders a communication ineffective.
B) Generally,the more frightened people feel,the more they respond.
C) Evoking a low level of fear is effective,unlike producing a high level of fear.
D) Fear appeals have an effect on women rather than men.

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The way a message is delivered is what social psychologists refer to as the ________ of communication.


A) style
B) route
C) channel
D) method

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The Harry Potter series was not expected to be a best seller.It was kids talking to other kids that made it so.This shows the effect of ________ on persuasion.


A) personal influence
B) media influence
C) educational influence
D) expert influence

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If two messages are presented back to back,which message will likely hold the most influence?


A) the last message
B) the first message
C) it depends on the communicator
D) it depends on the channel of communication

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Inoculation research suggests that children:


A) are not persuaded by television advertising.
B) fail to grasp the persuasive intent of commercials.
C) use the central route to persuasion.
D) are skeptical of television advertising.

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Persuasive speakers must deliver messages that are all of the following EXCEPT:


A) understandable.
B) memorable.
C) compelling.
D) one-sided.

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People with a high need for cognition are likely to:


A) prefer peripheral routes to persuasion.
B) prefer central routes to persuasion.
C) support the life cycle explanation for differences in attitudes across age.
D) support the generational explanation for differences in attitudes across age.

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Myra wants to ask her husband to buy her a diamond necklace.Which of the following strategies used by Myra reflects the lowball technique?


A) Myra lets her husband know how much she loves him and tells him that if he loved her as much,he would gift her anything she wants.
B) Myra gets her husband to agree to buy her a diamond ring,and at the jewelry store,she informs him that she wants a diamond necklace.
C) Myra cooks a tasty dinner for her husband,and she shows him a picture of the necklace she likes.
D) Myra takes her husband out to dinner and asks if he would gift her a diamond necklace.

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Bailenson and Yee's (2005) research with virtual social reality found a "person" whose expressions and movements echoed the participant was:


A) not liked but was persuasive.
B) liked and was persuasive.
C) not liked and was not persuasive.
D) liked but was not persuasive.

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Exposing people to weak attacks upon their attitudes so that when stronger attacks come,they will have refutations available is known as:


A) central route persuasion.
B) attitude inoculation.
C) psychological reactance.
D) the boomerang effect.

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Robert Cialdini (2008) illustrated six principles that underlie human relationships and human influence in his book Influence: Science and Practice.In this context,when people feel obliged to repay in kind what they have received,it is known as the ________.


A) principle of authority
B) principle of reciprocity
C) principle of social proof
D) principle of scarcity

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According to Cacioppo et al.(1996) ,who among the following has a high need for cognition?


A) Sarah prefers using her mental resources when making a purchase decision.
B) Tobias likes to conserve his mental resources when he comes across commercials.
C) Chiara responds positively to advertisements when attractive people feature in them.
D) Liam lacks analytical skills and is easily drawn toward pleasant surroundings.

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Rodrigo needs his sister Alisa to help him make a model of human heart for the upcoming science exhibition in his school.However,he is not sure if she will oblige.So,he initially urges Alisa to accompany him to the arts and crafts supply store to buy materials for the model.A day later,when she appears interested in the project,Rodrigo asks Alisa if she would help him complete the model.Alisa readily agrees to this proposal.In the context of persuasion,this scenario exemplifies ________.


A) the misinformation effect
B) the recency effect
C) the primacy effect
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

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A delayed impact of a message that occurs when an initially discounted message becomes effective is known as ________.


A) a paradox
B) short-term memory
C) the sleeper effect
D) longevity

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People are likely to take the central route to persuasion when they ________.


A) are distracted or just plain busy
B) overlook arguments
C) feel demotivated
D) are able to think about an issue

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A crucial aspect of the central route to persuasion is ________.


A) the responses a message evokes in a person's mind
B) the message conveyed to the audience present
C) its implicitness
D) its automatic nature

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William McGuire found that when participants were immunized by writing an essay refuting a mild attack on a belief,they were better able to resist a more powerful attack later.This exemplifies the concept of ________.


A) attitude reactance
B) the central route persuasion
C) attitude inoculation
D) the peripheral route persuasion

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Alicia has a fairly weak case to present to her supervisor.In order to be more persuasive,she should:


A) arouse a small amount of fear.
B) put him in a good mood.
C) keep her gaze fixed on his eyes.
D) argue in favor of her self-interest.

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