Question 1

Which of these does NOT directly cause cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   inherited predispositions
B)   solar radiation (UV) 
C)   tobacco smoking or chewing
D)   DNA damage from viruses
E)   mutagens in drinking water

Question 2

Cancer consists of too much

Accepted Answer

A)   cell division.
B)   translation.
C)   apoptosis.
D)   toxin production.
E)   DNA replication.

Question 3

One promising new treatment for cancer uses "angiogenesis inhibitors" such as Avastin®.This treatment works because a growing tumor requires additional nutrients,and thus excretes substances to encourage growth of new blood vessels to "feed" the tumor.Angiogenesis inhibitors prevent that blood vessel growth.What might be one benefit of this treatment over traditional chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   It would not affect most dividing cells,and so it would be more specific than traditional chemotherapy.
B)   It would be able to target all tumors,and so it would be less selective than traditional chemotherapy.
C)   It would starve cells in a tumor,which would kill them more gradually than traditional chemotherapy.
D)   It targets only rapidly dividing cells because those are the ones that form tumors.
E)   All of the above.

Question 4

Why are Ashkenazi Jews more susceptible to certain hereditary diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)   They have inherited predispositions and carcinogen exposure.
B)   They have increased occupational exposure and environmental insults.
C)   They are predisposed by exposure to occupational risks.
D)   They have an increased carrier rate for these diseases from their ancestors.
E)   They all have increased errors in DNA proofreading.

Question 5

You isolate cells from a tumor and study them.You observe that the cells continue dividing,even when DNA is damaged,when the cells become crowded,or even when nutrients run low.These observations lead you to suspect that the cells

Accepted Answer

A)   contain a proto-oncogene.
B)   contain an oncogene.
C)   contain a mutated tumor-suppressor gene.
D)   are infected by a virus.
E)   are breast-cancer cells. C

Question 6

In normal cells,tumor suppressors are

Accepted Answer

A)   oncogenes.
B)   not required.
C)   carcinogens.
D)   required for DNA repair or programmed cell death.
E)   underexpressed.

Question 7

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are ___________,p53 is a ___________,and Her2 is a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   tumor-suppressor genes,tumor-suppressor gene,proto-oncogene
B)   tumor-suppressor genes;proto-oncogene;tumor-suppressor gene
C)   proto-oncogenes;tumor-suppressor gene;proto-oncogene
D)   proto-oncogenes;tumor-suppressor gene;tumor-suppressor gene
E)   proto-oncogenes;proto-oncogene;tumor-suppressor gene

Question 8

Cell cycle checkpoints detect and control

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA content.
B)   signals that promote cell division.
C)   DNA damage.
D)   proper chromosome alignment.
E)   All of the above.

Question 9

The Ashkenazi Jews have a higher rate of mutated alleles than the general public.All of the following are possible reasons for this,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   in their Middle Eastern homeland,intense sunlight led to increased mutations.
B)   they are descendants of a small number of individuals.
C)   their population expanded and contracted.
D)   members usually marry others within the same group.
E)   new alleles were not introduced through intermarriage with other groups.

Question 10

Why might a change in its amino acid sequence lead to a change in the way a protein functions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Amino acids determine a protein's shape.The wrong shape may not function normally.
B)   A change in the amino acid sequence would not change the final protein.
C)   A change in the amino acid sequence would cause a change in the DNA,which alters the protein.
D)   A change in the amino acid sequence causes the DNA to pair incorrectly.
E)   None of the above.

Question 11

Which statement accurately describes cancer development?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a one-step process by which a mutation drives cancer development.
B)   It is inherited and is independent of environmental factors.
C)   It is a caused by carcinogens that act on inherited alleles that cause cancer.
D)   It is a multistep process by which multiple mutations cause a series of events that lead to cancer.
E)   It is a multistep process by which multiple mutagens cause a series of cancer-causing alleles.

Question 12

A mutation can cause a change _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   in the amino acid sequence of a protein
B)   in the shape of a protein
C)   in the way the cell cycle is regulated
D)   that is beneficial to the cell
E)   all of these E

Question 13

A chemical that causes alterations in DNA is a _____,and if this chemical causes cancer it is called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   mutagen;carcinogen
B)   carcinogen;mutagen
C)   tumor suppressor;oncogene
D)   tumor suppressor;proto-oncogene
E)   tumor suppressor;mutagen A

Question 14

How many copies of any particular gene does an individual human have?

Accepted Answer

A)   4
B)   1
C)   2
D)   46
E)   23

Question 15

Why does wearing sunscreen reduce cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sunscreen can repair damaged DNA.
B)   Sunscreen can activate checkpoints in skin cells.
C)   Sunscreen can reduce the chance of mutations caused by exposure to UV radiation present in sunlight.
D)   It does not reduce cancer risk;sunscreen causes mutation and actually increases cancer risk.
E)   Sunscreen can prevent cells with mutations from being destroyed.

Question 16

In an otherwise normal cell,what happens if one mistake is made during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nothing;mistakes just happen.
B)   A cell cycle checkpoint detects the error and pauses the cell cycle so the error can be corrected.
C)   The cell will begin to divide out of control,forming a malignant tumor.
D)   Mistakes are never made during DNA replication.
E)   The mutation will be inherited by the individual's offspring.

Question 17

Cells that have accumulated too much chromosomal damage can

Accepted Answer

A)   lead to the formation of a tumor.
B)   lead to cancer.
C)   cause the cell to destroy itself (apoptosis) .
D)   lead to uncontrolled cell division.
E)   All of the above.

Question 18

A newly identified mutation in mice,called "darkened dorsal," causes a dark stripe along the mouse's back.This mutation is located at a specific location on chromosome 2.A different sequence at this same chromosomal position results in a fur color pattern called "nonagouti." Based on this information,darkened dorsal and nonagouti are different

Accepted Answer

A)   genes for fur color.
B)   alleles for the same gene.
C)   mutations of the same chromosome.
D)   chromatids.
E)   All of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following steps (in order) would most likely lead to tumor formation?

Accepted Answer

A)   A mutation in a single cell-cycle gene occurs,then the cell rapidly divides and spreads.
B)   A mutated tumor-suppressor gene is inherited,several proto-oncogenes become mutated,and the cell dies.
C)   A mutation in a cell-cycle gene occurs,then shortly afterwards the cell dies.
D)   A mutated tumor-suppressor gene is inherited,other mutations in proto-oncogenes occur,and the cell rapidly divides and spreads.
E)   A proto-oncogene is inherited,mutation converts it into an oncogene,and the cell rapidly divides and spreads.

Question 20

Proteins scan chromosomes for damage during the

Accepted Answer

A)   G1 checkpoint.
B)   beginning of the synthesis phase.
C)   apoptosis phase.
D)   G2 checkpoint.
E)   metaphase checkpoint.

Exam 10: Mutations and Cancer

Which of these does NOT directly cause cancer?

Correct Answer
verified

Cancer consists of too much

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Why are Ashkenazi Jews more susceptible to certain hereditary diseases?

Correct Answer
verified

You isolate cells from a tumor and study them.You observe that the cells continue dividing,even when DNA is damaged,when the cells become crowded,or even when nutrients run low.These observations lead you to suspect that the cells

Correct Answer
verified
C

In normal cells,tumor suppressors are

Correct Answer
verified

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are _____,p53 is a _,and Her2 is a ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Cell cycle checkpoints detect and control

Correct Answer
verified

The Ashkenazi Jews have a higher rate of mutated alleles than the general public.All of the following are possible reasons for this,EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Why might a change in its amino acid sequence lead to a change in the way a protein functions?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement accurately describes cancer development?

Correct Answer
verified

A mutation can cause a change _____.

Correct Answer
verified
E

A chemical that causes alterations in DNA is a _,and if this chemical causes cancer it is called a(n) _.

Correct Answer
verified
A

How many copies of any particular gene does an individual human have?

Correct Answer
verified

Why does wearing sunscreen reduce cancer risk?

Correct Answer
verified

In an otherwise normal cell,what happens if one mistake is made during DNA replication?

Correct Answer
verified

Cells that have accumulated too much chromosomal damage can

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following steps (in order) would most likely lead to tumor formation?

Correct Answer
verified

Proteins scan chromosomes for damage during the

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 10: Mutations and Cancer

Which of these does NOT directly cause cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cancer consists of too much

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are Ashkenazi Jews more susceptible to certain hereditary diseases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You isolate cells from a tumor and study them.You observe that the cells continue dividing,even when DNA is damaged,when the cells become crowded,or even when nutrients run low.These observations lead you to suspect that the cells

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In normal cells,tumor suppressors are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are ___________,p53 is a ___________,and Her2 is a __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cell cycle checkpoints detect and control

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Ashkenazi Jews have a higher rate of mutated alleles than the general public.All of the following are possible reasons for this,EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why might a change in its amino acid sequence lead to a change in the way a protein functions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement accurately describes cancer development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mutation can cause a change _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedE

A chemical that causes alterations in DNA is a _____,and if this chemical causes cancer it is called a(n) _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

How many copies of any particular gene does an individual human have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does wearing sunscreen reduce cancer risk?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an otherwise normal cell,what happens if one mistake is made during DNA replication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells that have accumulated too much chromosomal damage can

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following steps (in order) would most likely lead to tumor formation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins scan chromosomes for damage during the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are _____,p53 is a _,and Her2 is a ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
E

A chemical that causes alterations in DNA is a _,and if this chemical causes cancer it is called a(n) _.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified