Question 1

The tendency to attribute behavior to internal qualities of an actor and to underestimate situational factors is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  causal attribution.
B)  the fundamental attribution error.
C)  the availability heuristic.
D)  the representativeness heuristic.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

According to Kelley's covariation model of attributions,if we know that someone's opinion has low distinctiveness,it MOST CLEARLY tells us that it is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an internal factor.
B)  an external factor.
C)  a stable factor.
D)  an unstable factor.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

If Tyrell believes he failed his math test because he has no mathematical intelligence,then Tyrell is making a(n) _____ attribution about his behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  external
B)  internal
C)  noncausal
D)  fundamentalE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

The process of storing information in short-term memory is called _____,while the process of storing information in long-term memory is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inference;discounting
B)  consolidation;encoding
C)  encoding;consolidation
D)  discounting;inferenceE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

If people are given the opportunity to choose a lottery ticket,they often believe they have a greater chance of winning compared with people who were handed a lottery ticket and not allowed to choose.This illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

A)  discounting principle.
B)  false consensus effect.
C)  theory of mind.
D)  illusion of control.E) None of the above
F) A) and B) D

Question 6

Blaming victims for the suffering they experience is an example of what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  people's need for accurate causal knowledge
B)  people's tendency to attribute external causes to the experiences of those they dislike
C)  people's desire to believe that good things happen to their enemies
D)  people's desire to believe that the world is justE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

A downward counterfactual is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the event that actually happened.
B)  the same as magical thinking.
C)  an imagined alternative that is better than what actually happened.
D)  an imagined alternative that is worse than what actually happened.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

According to the text,which of the following is NOT an essential way that people make sense of their social world?

Accepted Answer

A)  person perception
B)  counterfactual thinking
C)  memory
D)  magical thinkingE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

The term "mood-congruent memory" refers to the fact that:

Accepted Answer

A)  people are more likely to remember negative information when in a negative mood,and positive information in a positive mood.
B)  memory tends to be driven by the mood we are feeling at the time that we are forming a memory.
C)  our mood at any point in time is primarily determined by our memories.
D)  overall,people are more likely to remember events as more negative than they actually were.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Everyone in the class laughed at the professor's joke.According to Kelly's covariation model of attributions,this is an example of a behavior:

Accepted Answer

A)  high in consensus.
B)  low in distinctiveness.
C)  high in consistency.
D)  low in consensus.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

Gita hears a description of a person who sounds very much like an engineer.Even if Gita knows that the person goes to a college where engineering is a very unpopular degree,he is still likely to believe that the person is an engineer.This is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness heuristic.
B)  availability heuristic.
C)  primacy effect.
D)  ease of retrieval effect.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

People in the United States are more likely to die in car crashes than in airplane crashes.People,however,often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias.
B)  the fundamental attribution error.
C)  the availability heuristic.
D)  a causal attribution.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

The tendency to assume that information that comes easily to mind is more frequent or common is referred to as the _____;the tendency to judge how frequently an event occurs on the basis of how readily one can call to mind examples of that event is referred to as the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness heuristic;correspondent inference
B)  correspondent inference;representativeness heuristic
C)  availability heuristic;ease of retrieval effect
D)  ease of retrieval effect;availability heuristicE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following situations is most likely to generate feelings of guilt and regret?

Accepted Answer

A)  not engaging in counterfactuals
B)  engaging in any form of counterfactual
C)  engaging in an upward counterfactual
D)  engaging in a downward counterfactualE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

All of the following are true about false consensus EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  We are more likely to assume false consensus among members of our ingroup.
B)  We are more likely to assume false consensus among members of our outgroup.
C)  Our own self-focus leads us to assume false consensus among others.
D)  False consensus validates our worldview.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Braden believes that if he works hard in school,he can make himself more intelligent.This suggests that Braden has an _____ mind-set about intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal
B)  external
C)  incremental
D)  entityE) B) and D)
F) B) and C) C

Question 17

The covariation principle refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that two continuous variables can covary with each other either positively or negatively.
B)  the tendency to see a causal relationship between an event and an outcome when they happen at the same time.
C)  the fact that people tend to overestimate the role of situational factors in explaining others' behavior.
D)  the fact that people tend to overestimate the role of personal factors in explaining others' behavior.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C) B

Question 18

Research suggests that which of the following will NOT result from convincing a person to adopt an incremental mind-set?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will be more persistent in response to failure.
B)  They will tend not to pursue opportunities to improve their intelligence.
C)  They will make fewer ability-based attributions for failure.
D)  They will adopt more learning-oriented goals.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

All of the following are true about first impressions EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  We have an innate system for quickly detecting a person's age and sex.
B)  Being highly attuned to physical characteristics has evolutionary survival value.
C)  In our day-to-day interactions,we rarely use observable characteristics to form impressions.
D)  We are quick to decide whether a person is a stranger or someone we know.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

The actor-observer effect describes the tendency:

Accepted Answer

A)  for actors to be more expressive than observers in any given situation.
B)  to be less susceptible to the misinformation effect if one is an actor,rather than an observer,in a situation.
C)  to make internal attributions for the behavior of others and external attributions for our own behavior.
D)  to make causal attributions about both actors and observers,depending on the role we are playing in a given context.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 4: Thinking About People and Events

The tendency to attribute behavior to internal qualities of an actor and to underestimate situational factors is referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Kelley's covariation model of attributions,if we know that someone's opinion has low distinctiveness,it MOST CLEARLY tells us that it is caused by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If Tyrell believes he failed his math test because he has no mathematical intelligence,then Tyrell is making a(n) _____ attribution about his behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of storing information in short-term memory is called _____,while the process of storing information in long-term memory is called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If people are given the opportunity to choose a lottery ticket,they often believe they have a greater chance of winning compared with people who were handed a lottery ticket and not allowed to choose.This illustrates the:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Blaming victims for the suffering they experience is an example of what phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A downward counterfactual is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text,which of the following is NOT an essential way that people make sense of their social world?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term "mood-congruent memory" refers to the fact that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Everyone in the class laughed at the professor's joke.According to Kelly's covariation model of attributions,this is an example of a behavior:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gita hears a description of a person who sounds very much like an engineer.Even if Gita knows that the person goes to a college where engineering is a very unpopular degree,he is still likely to believe that the person is an engineer.This is an example of the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People in the United States are more likely to die in car crashes than in airplane crashes.People,however,often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving.This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to assume that information that comes easily to mind is more frequent or common is referred to as the _____;the tendency to judge how frequently an event occurs on the basis of how readily one can call to mind examples of that event is referred to as the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following situations is most likely to generate feelings of guilt and regret?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are true about false consensus EXCEPT which statement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Braden believes that if he works hard in school,he can make himself more intelligent.This suggests that Braden has an _____ mind-set about intelligence.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The covariation principle refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Research suggests that which of the following will NOT result from convincing a person to adopt an incremental mind-set?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are true about first impressions EXCEPT which statement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The actor-observer effect describes the tendency:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The process of storing information in short-term memory is called _,while the process of storing information in long-term memory is called _.

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D

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The tendency to assume that information that comes easily to mind is more frequent or common is referred to as the _;the tendency to judge how frequently an event occurs on the basis of how readily one can call to mind examples of that event is referred to as the _.

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C

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B

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