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In an open economy,aggregate demand is the sum of


A) consumer expenditure,actual investment spending,and government spending.
B) consumer expenditure,planned investment spending,and government spending.
C) consumer expenditure,actual investment spending,government spending,and net exports.
D) consumer expenditure,planned investment spending,government spending,and net exports.

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A difference between inventory investment and fixed investment is that


A) fixed investment is never unplanned.
B) fixed investment is never planned.
C) inventory investment is never unplanned.
D) unplanned inventory investment is always zero.

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If aggregate demand is less than the level of aggregate output,then ________ inventory investment will be ________.


A) planned; positive
B) actual; positive
C) actual; negative
D) planned; negative

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Using the information in situation 20-2,if government increases their spending by $50 and increases net taxes by 50,then equilibrium aggregate output will change by


A) -$100.
B) -$50.
C) $50.
D) $100.

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Keynes believed that changes in autonomous spending were dominated by changes in


A) consumer expenditure.
B) autonomous consumer expenditure.
C) investment spending.
D) taxes.
E) none of the above.

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An increase in interest rates


A) increases the value of the dollar,net exports,and equilibrium output.
B) increases the value of the dollar,reducing net exports and equilibrium output.
C) reduces the value of the dollar,net exports,and equilibrium output.
D) reduces the value of the dollar,increasing net exports and equilibrium output.

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An increase in unplanned inventory investment for the entire economy equals the excess of


A) output over aggregate supply.
B) output over aggregate demand.
C) aggregate supply over output.
D) aggregate demand over output.

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In the simple Keynesian framework,declines in planned investment spending that produce high unemployment can be offset by raising


A) taxes.
B) government spending.
C) consumer confidence.
D) business confidence.

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Other things equal,a decrease in autonomous consumption shifts the ________ curve to the ________.


A) IS; right
B) IS; left
C) LM; left
D) LM; right

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A shift in tastes toward American goods ________ net exports in the U.S.and causes the quantity of aggregate output demanded to ________ in the U.S.,everything else held constant.


A) decreases; rise
B) decreases; fall
C) increases; rise
D) increases; fall

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When the level of unplanned inventory investment is equal to zero,the economy is


A) in disequilibrium.
B) in a recession.
C) in equilibrium.
D) overheating

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Using the information contained in Situation 20-1,if planned investment decreases by $100,the equilibrium aggregate output will change by


A) -$1,000.
B) $-100.
C) $100.
D) $1,000.

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If net exports increase by 250 and the mpc is 0.75,equilibrium aggregate output increases by


A) 250.
B) 500.
C) 750.
D) 1000.

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Keynes was especially concerned with explaining the ________ level of output and employment during the ________.


A) low; 1920s
B) low; 1930s
C) high; 1920s
D) high; 1930s

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In the Keynesian cross diagram,a decrease in investment spending because companies become more pessimistic about investment profitability causes the aggregate demand function to shift ________,the equilibrium level of aggregate output to fall,and the IS curve to shift to the ________,everything else held constant.


A) up; left
B) up; right
C) down; left
D) down; right

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In the Keynesian cross diagram,a decline in autonomous consumer expenditure causes the aggregate demand function to shift ________,the equilibrium level of aggregate output to fall,and the IS curve to shift to the ________,everything else held constant.


A) up; left
B) up; right
C) down; left
D) down; right

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Keynes was especially interested in explaining movements of ________ because he wanted to explain why the Great Depression had occurred and how government policy could be used to increase ________ in a similar economic situation.


A) aggregate output; wages
B) aggregate output; employment
C) wage rates; wages
D) wage rates; employment

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A decline in autonomous planned investment spending causes the equilibrium level of aggregate output to ________ and shifts the ________ curve to the ________,everything else held constant.


A) rise; LM; right
B) rise; IS; right
C) fall; IS; left
D) fall; LM; left

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If actual output is less than equilibrium output,firms will ________ output to keep from ________ inventories.


A) increase; accumulating
B) increase; depleting
C) decrease; depleting
D) decrease; accumulating

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There are two types of investment: ________ investment-the spending by business firms on equipment and structures,and planned spending on residential houses-and ________ investment-spending by business firms on additional holdings of raw materials,parts,and finished goods.


A) planned; gross
B) planned; inventory
C) fixed; gross
D) fixed; inventory

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