Question 1

The Fourteenth Amendment applies to discriminatory action by

Accepted Answer

A)  government only.
B)  private parties only.
C)  both government and private parties.
D)  the president specifically.
E)  Congress specifically. A

Question 2

Culminating in a historic victory in 1954,black activists in the early twentieth century generally pursued civil rights through

Accepted Answer

A)  legal action.
B)  legislative action.
C)  pressure for presidential decree.
D)  bureaucratic action.
E)  campaigning through mass media.

Question 3

The first large and well-organized attempt to promote women's rights came in 1848 in

Accepted Answer

A)  Boston,Massachusetts.
B)  San Francisco,California.
C)  Minneapolis,Minnesota.
D)  Seneca Falls,New York.
E)  Madison,Wisconsin.

Question 4

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

Accepted Answer

A)  brought about greater rights to the disabled.
B)  came in response to the passage of the Civil Rights Act.
C)  was conducted by women seeking fairer treatment in the workplace.
D)  was conducted by women seeking the right to vote.
E)  was conducted by African Americans seeking equality of rights.

Question 5

One example of a policy that aimed chiefly to overcome de facto discrimination is

Accepted Answer

A)  the Equal Rights Amendment.
B)  the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
C)  busing to achieve racial integration in the schools.
D)  the Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas ruling.
E)  the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 6

Disadvantaged Americans have generally gained their rights

Accepted Answer

A)  through the enlightened policies of advantaged Americans.
B)  through judicial action only.
C)  through struggle against entrenched interests.
D)  mainly through action by the states rather than the federal government.
E)  by waiting patiently for public opinion to back their cause.

Question 7

,the Supreme Court ruled that

Accepted Answer

A)  strict racial quotas were a valid means of ensuring racial diversity on college campuses.
B)  private colleges could refuse to admit prospective students on the basis of sexual orientation.
C)  male-only admissions policies at state-supported military academies were unconstitutional.
D)  because female instructors created an undue distraction at all-male universities,the schools in question could discriminate against women in their hiring practices.
E)  colleges affiliated with a particular religion could not take the religious persuasion of job candidates into consideration during the hiring process. C

Question 8

De jure discrimination and de facto discrimination are two ways in which some Americans are treated as less equal than others.Examples of public policies designed to address each of these forms of discrimination are

Accepted Answer

A)  the Brown decision (de jure) ,and affirmative action (de facto) .
B)  affirmative action (de jure) ,and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de facto) .
C)  the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de jure) ,and the Brown decision (de facto) .
D)  the Supreme Court's busing decisions (de jure) ,and affirmative action decisions (de facto) .
E)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 9

What is equality of result? What relation does it have to de facto and de jure discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Equality of result is the aim of policies intended to reduce or eliminate discriminatory effects so that members of traditionally disadvantaged groups may obtain the same benefits of society as members of traditionally advantaged groups.De facto discrimination is discrimination that is a consequence of social,economic,and cultural biases and conditions.De jure discrimination is discrimination based on law.Equality of result is intended to combat the effects of de facto discrimination.Busing and affirmative action are examples of policies designed to achieve equality of result.Many Americans,however,believe that the government should only address de jure discrimination.

Question 10

In 2000,________ became the first state to legalize the civil union of same-sex couples.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vermont
B)  Massachusetts
C)  New Hampshire
D)  Rhode Island
E)  Connecticut

Question 11

The Supreme Court's decision in the Regents of the University of California v.Bakke case

Accepted Answer

A)  invalidated the principle of affirmative action.
B)  ruled that Bakke could not be admitted to medical school.
C)  established quota systems as a legitimate basis of affirmative action.
D)  upheld the principle of affirmative action.
E)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 12

Which of the following would be considered the worst setback by affirmative action proponents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adarand v.Pena
B)  Craig v.Boren
C)  Regents of the University of California v.Bakke
D)  Swann v.Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
E)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 13

Equality of result policies are primarily directed at ________ discriminatory effects.

Accepted Answer

A)  de jure
B)  de facto
C)  religious
D)  gender
E)  due process

Question 14

Any law that attempts a racial or ethnic classification is subject to the

Accepted Answer

A)  reasonable basis test.
B)  strict scrutiny test.
C)  intermediate scrutiny test.
D)  precedent basis test.
E)  suspect classification test.

Question 15

One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that

Accepted Answer

A)  since the 1980s the Supreme Court has imposed it on the American public despite congressional attempts to end it.
B)  most Americans admit that they oppose programs that ensure equal treatment for minorities.
C)  it is applied only to private businesses and schools,not to government programs and institutions.
D)  the Supreme Court has repeatedly declared it unconstitutional both in principle and in practice.
E)  it is viewed as giving preferential treatment,which is unpopular,instead of simply ensuring equal treatment.

Question 16

held that racial segregation in schools violated the

Accepted Answer

A)  due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.
B)  due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)  equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D)  Civil Rights Act.
E)  establishment clause of the First Amendment.

Question 17

In applying the reasonable basis test,courts tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  require government only to show that a particular law is reasonable.
B)  assess whether a law had the support of a two-thirds majority of legislators at the time of passage.
C)  determine whether a law is working well and,if so,to allow it to remain in effect.
D)  prohibit any law that results in the unequal treatment of Americans.
E)  interpret the equal protection clause in a strict manner.

Question 18

Today,women currently hold about ________ of the seats in Congress.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 in 4
B)  1 in 6
C)  1 in 5
D)  1 in 10
E)  1 in 15

Question 19

The focus of civil liberties is the ________ and the focus of civil rights is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  individual;individual
B)  group;group
C)  individual;group
D)  group;individual
E)  Tenth Amendment;Twenty-seventh Amendment

Question 20

The first woman ever to serve on the U.S.Supreme Court was appointed by

Accepted Answer

A)  President Truman.
B)  President Eisenhower.
C)  President Kennedy.
D)  President Reagan.
E)  President Carter.

Exam 5: Equal Rights: Struggling Toward Fairness

The Fourteenth Amendment applies to discriminatory action by

Correct Answer
verified
A

Culminating in a historic victory in 1954,black activists in the early twentieth century generally pursued civil rights through

Correct Answer
verified

The first large and well-organized attempt to promote women's rights came in 1848 in

Correct Answer
verified

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

Correct Answer
verified

One example of a policy that aimed chiefly to overcome de facto discrimination is

Correct Answer
verified

Disadvantaged Americans have generally gained their rights

Correct Answer
verified

,the Supreme Court ruled that

Correct Answer
verified
C

De jure discrimination and de facto discrimination are two ways in which some Americans are treated as less equal than others.Examples of public policies designed to address each of these forms of discrimination are

Correct Answer
verified

What is equality of result? What relation does it have to de facto and de jure discrimination?

In 2000,________ became the first state to legalize the civil union of same-sex couples.

Correct Answer
verified

The Supreme Court's decision in the Regents of the University of California v.Bakke case

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would be considered the worst setback by affirmative action proponents?

Correct Answer
verified

Equality of result policies are primarily directed at ________ discriminatory effects.

Correct Answer
verified

Any law that attempts a racial or ethnic classification is subject to the

Correct Answer
verified

One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that

Correct Answer
verified

held that racial segregation in schools violated the

Correct Answer
verified

In applying the reasonable basis test,courts tend to

Correct Answer
verified

Today,women currently hold about ________ of the seats in Congress.

Correct Answer
verified

The focus of civil liberties is the and the focus of civil rights is the .

Correct Answer
verified

The first woman ever to serve on the U.S.Supreme Court was appointed by

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Equal Rights: Struggling Toward Fairness

The Fourteenth Amendment applies to discriminatory action by

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Culminating in a historic victory in 1954,black activists in the early twentieth century generally pursued civil rights through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first large and well-organized attempt to promote women's rights came in 1848 in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One example of a policy that aimed chiefly to overcome de facto discrimination is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Disadvantaged Americans have generally gained their rights

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

,the Supreme Court ruled that

Correct AnswerverifiedC

De jure discrimination and de facto discrimination are two ways in which some Americans are treated as less equal than others.Examples of public policies designed to address each of these forms of discrimination are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is equality of result? What relation does it have to de facto and de jure discrimination?

In 2000,________ became the first state to legalize the civil union of same-sex couples.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Supreme Court's decision in the Regents of the University of California v.Bakke case

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be considered the worst setback by affirmative action proponents?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Equality of result policies are primarily directed at ________ discriminatory effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any law that attempts a racial or ethnic classification is subject to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

held that racial segregation in schools violated the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In applying the reasonable basis test,courts tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Today,women currently hold about ________ of the seats in Congress.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The focus of civil liberties is the ________ and the focus of civil rights is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first woman ever to serve on the U.S.Supreme Court was appointed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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The focus of civil liberties is the and the focus of civil rights is the .

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