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Leadership is most associated with words like


A) consistency.
B) planning.
C) control.
D) vision.

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Which of the following definitions of leadership is fairly comprehensive and helpful?


A) actions that focus resources to create desirable opportunities
B) the process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner
C) directing and coordinating the work of group members
D) the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals

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According to Robert Kelley,the best followers are self-starters who take initiative for themselves.

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Leaders have a short-term view,whereas managers have a long-term view in management.

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Identify a true statement about passive followers according to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership.


A) They are the "yes people" of organizations.
B) They are highly likely to become experts in mastering the bureaucratic rules that can be used to protect them.
C) They require constant direction because they lack initiative and a sense of responsibility.
D) They are often seen as cynical,negative,and adversarial by leaders.

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According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership,who among the following presents a consistent picture to both leaders and coworkers of being independent,innovative,and willing to stand up to superiors?


A) alienated followers
B) conformist followers
C) pragmatist followers
D) exemplary followers

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Unlike the constructionist approach,the role approach believes that leadership is co-created through acts of leading and following,whoever may be performing those acts.

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A key reason behind using the phrase "desirable opportunities" in a definition of leadership was precisely to distinguish between leadership and management.

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In a classic study of sex roles,Schein


A) evidenced the fact that being a woman and being a manager are contradictory.
B) found a high correlation between the ways both male and female respondents perceived "females" and "managers."
C) demonstrated how bias in sex role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles.
D) found no correlation between the ways respondents perceived "males" and "managers."

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Which of the following statements is true of women in leadership positions?


A) Women's commitment to their organizations was less guarded than that of their male counterparts.
B) Women were less likely than men to be willing to take career risks.
C) Women were less analytical and forceful than men.
D) Women had significantly lower well-being scores than men.

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Unlike the role approach,the constructionist approach


A) stresses that a person's awareness of being judged by stereotypes has a deleterious impact on performance.
B) views leadership as combined acts of leading and following by different individuals.
C) emphasizes that leaders have more influence with out-group followers than with in-group followers.
D) states that female candidates are unable to deliver when an organization's performance is declining.

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The mere presence of a group can cause people to act differently than when they are alone.

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Leaders tend to ask questions pertaining to the "how" and "when" of situations,whereas managers tend to ask questions pertaining to the "what" and "why" of things.

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Out-group subordinates are distinguished from in-group subordinates by their high degree of loyalty,commitment,and trust felt toward their leader.

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Leaders have considerably more influence with in-group followers than with out-group followers.

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In survey research by Judith Rosener that identified several differences in how men and women described their leadership experiences,it was found that


A) men's trust in each other tended to decrease more than women when work situations became more professionally risky.
B) men described their influence in terms of personal characteristics like charisma and interpersonal skill.
C) women helped subordinates develop commitment to broader goals than their own self-interest.
D) women influenced others primarily through their organizational position and authority.

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What is Hollander's approach to leadership called?


A) participative
B) transformational
C) charismatic
D) transactional

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Which of the following words is most often associated with the word "management"?


A) dynamism
B) risk taking
C) efficiency
D) creativity

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One needs only common sense to be a good leader.

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When followers have a say in the selection or election of a leader,they are likely to have low expectations and make few demands.

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