Question 1

Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristics.
B)   intuitions.
C)   prototypes.
D)   algorithms.

Question 2

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

Accepted Answer

A)   prototypes.
B)   heuristics.
C)   insight.
D)   algorithms.

Question 3

An effort to "consider the opposite" would be most likely to inhibit

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   belief perseverance.
C)   concept formation.
D)   insight.

Question 4

A best example of a category of objects, events, ideas, or people is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithm.
B)   concept.
C)   prototype.
D)   heuristic.

Question 5

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   insight.
C)   a heuristic.
D)   belief perseverance.

Question 6

When we use the term Hispanic to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   concept.
B)   heuristic.
C)   algorithm.
D)   prototype.

Question 7

People's automatic, unconscious associations with a political position can predict their future decisions before they consciously make up their minds. This best illustrates the power of

Accepted Answer

A)   prototypes.
B)   intuition.
C)   algorithms.
D)   mental sets.

Question 8

After learning that her two best friends had lost their jobs, Mariah began to grossly overestimate the national unemployment rate. Mariah's reaction best illustrates the consequences of

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   the availability heuristic.
C)   fixation.
D)   belief perseverance.

Question 9

Many people perceive carjackings as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seat belts because carjackings are so much more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   belief perseverance.
B)   a universal grammar.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   the availability heuristic.

Question 10

Experimental participants reviewed two research studies, one supporting and the other refuting the crime-deterring effectiveness of capital punishment. Afterward, the opinions of those who initially favored the use of capital punishment became ________ favorable toward its use. The opinions of those who initially opposed the use of capital punishment became ________ favorable toward its use.

Accepted Answer

A)   more; more
B)   less; more
C)   less; less
D)   more; less D

Question 11

Students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three-number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrate the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition.
B)   the availability heuristic.
C)   framing.
D)   confirmation bias.

Question 12

Emotion-laden images of unusual but vivid cases of abducted children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixation.
B)   critical periods.
C)   framing.
D)   the availability heuristic.

Question 13

Jahmal cites his cousin Luana's many car accidents as evidence that women are worse drivers than men. He overlooks the fact that his wife and three daughters have had far fewer car accidents than he and his two sons. Jahmal's prejudicial conclusion about women's driving skills best illustrates the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithms.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   framing.
D)   an outcome simulation.

Question 14

Many people are less supportive of paying a "carbon tax" than of paying an equivalent cost in the form of a "carbon offset" fee. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   overconfidence.
D)   framing.

Question 15

Sophie has an unrealistically negative self-image, which no one seems able to change. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition.
B)   belief perseverance.
C)   framing.
D)   overconfidence.

Question 16

Encouraging people to elaborate on why their own personal views on an issue are correct is most likely to promote

Accepted Answer

A)   mental set.
B)   heuristics.
C)   framing.
D)   belief perseverance.

Question 17

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   trial and error.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   framing. B

Question 18

Psychologist Wolfgang Köhler placed a piece of fruit and a long stick outside chimpanzee Sultan's cage. Inside the cage he placed a short stick. Prior to gaining insight into the solution of the problem Sultan used

Accepted Answer

A)   the short stick to try reaching the long stick.
B)   the fruit to try retrieving the long stick.
C)   the long stick to try retrieving the fruit.
D)   the short stick to try retrieving the long stick.

Question 19

Weather forecasters typically avoid overconfidence when making weather predictions because they

Accepted Answer

A)   work with computer-generated algorithms.
B)   rely on prototypes for making category judgments.
C)   use heuristics to avoid premature conclusions.
D)   promptly receive clear feedback on their accuracy.

Question 20

Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of

Accepted Answer

A)   belief perseverance.
B)   an algorithm.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   framing. B

Exam 27: A: Thinking

Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called

Correct Answer
verified

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

Correct Answer
verified

An effort to "consider the opposite" would be most likely to inhibit

Correct Answer
verified

A best example of a category of objects, events, ideas, or people is called a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called

Correct Answer
verified

When we use the term Hispanic to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

People's automatic, unconscious associations with a political position can predict their future decisions before they consciously make up their minds. This best illustrates the power of

Correct Answer
verified

After learning that her two best friends had lost their jobs, Mariah began to grossly overestimate the national unemployment rate. Mariah's reaction best illustrates the consequences of

Correct Answer
verified

Many people perceive carjackings as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seat belts because carjackings are so much more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three-number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrate the impact of

Correct Answer
verified

Emotion-laden images of unusual but vivid cases of abducted children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Many people are less supportive of paying a "carbon tax" than of paying an equivalent cost in the form of a "carbon offset" fee. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct Answer
verified

Sophie has an unrealistically negative self-image, which no one seems able to change. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct Answer
verified

Encouraging people to elaborate on why their own personal views on an issue are correct is most likely to promote

Correct Answer
verified

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as

Correct Answer
verified
B

Psychologist Wolfgang Köhler placed a piece of fruit and a long stick outside chimpanzee Sultan's cage. Inside the cage he placed a short stick. Prior to gaining insight into the solution of the problem Sultan used

Correct Answer
verified

Weather forecasters typically avoid overconfidence when making weather predictions because they

Correct Answer
verified

Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of

Correct Answer
verified
B

Exam 27: A: Thinking

Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An effort to "consider the opposite" would be most likely to inhibit

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A best example of a category of objects, events, ideas, or people is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When we use the term Hispanic to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's automatic, unconscious associations with a political position can predict their future decisions before they consciously make up their minds. This best illustrates the power of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After learning that her two best friends had lost their jobs, Mariah began to grossly overestimate the national unemployment rate. Mariah's reaction best illustrates the consequences of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many people perceive carjackings as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seat belts because carjackings are so much more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three-number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrate the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emotion-laden images of unusual but vivid cases of abducted children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many people are less supportive of paying a "carbon tax" than of paying an equivalent cost in the form of a "carbon offset" fee. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sophie has an unrealistically negative self-image, which no one seems able to change. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Encouraging people to elaborate on why their own personal views on an issue are correct is most likely to promote

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Psychologist Wolfgang Köhler placed a piece of fruit and a long stick outside chimpanzee Sultan's cage. Inside the cage he placed a short stick. Prior to gaining insight into the solution of the problem Sultan used

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Weather forecasters typically avoid overconfidence when making weather predictions because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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D

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B

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B