Exam 3: Assessing and Diagnosing Abnormality

A) It assesses whether the respondent qualifies for a diagnosis of depression.
B) It has 21 items, each of which describes four levels of a given symptom of depression.
C) It clearly differentiates between the clinical syndrome of depression and the general distress that may be related to an anxiety disorder.
D) It has cutoff scores that help indicate only severe levels of depressive symptoms.

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A) good diagnostic practice.
B) uncertainty in diagnosis.
C) A DSM-5 diagnosis.
D) reifying a diagnosis.

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A) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) .
B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) .
C) Bender-Gestalt Test.
D) Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) .

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A) can scan the brain only at specific angles.
B) should not be used repeatedly on the same individual.
C) does not require exposing the patient to any radiation.
D) provides less-detailed images of the brain compared to other technologies.

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A) girls in preschool.
B) boys in grades three to six.
C) teenage girls in grades seven and eight.
D) teenage boys in high school.

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A) Parents' perceptions of their children's well-being are rarely influenced by their own symptoms of psychopathology and their expectations for their children.
B) Clinicians and researchers have experienced problems with children's self-reports and often rely on adults to provide the information.
C) Parents are considered a reliable source of information because they spend more time with their children than any other adults do.
D) A child's psychopathology can be connected to parental behaviors.

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Key terms and concepts that may be inclu...

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A) The same tracer substance is used in both SPECT and PET.
B) SPECT is less accurate than PET.
C) PET is less expensive than SPECT.
D) The procedures of SPECT are significantly different from those of PET.

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A) Computerized tomography (CT)
B) Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
C) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D) Positron-emission tomography (PET)

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A) Symptom questionnaire
B) Personality inventory
C) Luria-Nebraska Test
D) Computerized tomography (CT) scan

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A) Overdiagnosis may occur when the assessor interprets the client's description of symptoms as indicating more pathology than is really present.
B) Underdiagnosis may occur when the client cannot articulate complex emotions or strange perceptual experiences in the assessor's language.
C) Seldom do interpreters misunderstand and mistranslate a clinician's questions and the client's answers.
D) As different people from the same country can speak different dialects of a language or may have different means of expressing feelings and attitudes, mistranslation can occur.

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A) Intelligence tests are controversial, and there is little consensus as to what intelligence means.
B) The most widely used intelligence tests do not assess talents and skills such as artistic and musical ability.
C) Different cultures within the United States and other countries emphasize other forms of reasoning that may not be assessed on intelligence tests.
D) Several "culture-fair" tests exist, but they are so expensive to administer that psychologists rarely use them.

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A) cognitive tests
B) behavioral observation
C) symptom inventories
D) personality inventories

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A) potential abuses of power by those who label people as normal or abnormal.
B) admitting pseudopatients to mental hospitals for the purpose of research.
C) labeling children, particularly girls, as normal or abnormal.
D) the dehumanization of mental health professionals.

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A) It does not accurately reveal tumors and injuries.
B) It only shows two-dimensional images.
C) It exposes patients to X-rays, which can be harmful.
D) It provides an image of the brain's activity rather than its structure.

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A) projective
B) intelligence
C) neuropsychological
D) aptitude

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A) evoked potentials.
B) electrodermal responses.
C) event associations.
D) galvanic skin responses.

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A) designate discrete categories of disorders that represent distinct types of pathology.
B) use a dimensional approach to diagnosis rather than the previous systems, which attempts to identify discrete categories of disorders.
C) limit the accommodation of cultural variations in the expression and characterization of disorders.
D) deemphasize the relationships between psychopathologies and make them more distinct from each other.

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