Question 1

The evolution of conducting tubes (sieve tubes) in land plants and brown algae is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  homoplasy caused by convergence.
B)  homoplasy caused by common descent.
C)  homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal.
D)  homology caused by convergence.
E)  homology caused by common descent.

Question 2

The biological specialty that deals with the reconstruction and study of phylogenies is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The biological specialty that deals with the...

Question 3

-Based on the phylogeny shown,choose the true statements about evolutionary relationships (Select all that apply) .

Accepted Answer

A)  A snake is more closely related to a newt than to a mouse.
B)  A newt is equally related to a snake and a chimp.
C)  A mouse is more closely related to a chimp than to a snake.
D)  A salamander is more closely related to a mouse than to a chimp.

Question 4

Choose the true statements about the evolution of complex characters,such as powered flight.

Accepted Answer

A)  Phylogenetic analysis using cladistics can help reveal the sequence leading to the evolution of a complex character.
B)  Usually a single mutation in one gene leads to the simultaneous appearance of the complex character.
C)  Often the initial stage in the evolution of a complex character was an adaptation to some unrelated selection pressure.
D)  The intermediate stages in the evolution of a complex character had no fitness advantage.

Question 5

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below.The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.(Note: All of the characteristics across the top of the columns are considered "TRAITS" for purposes of reading the chart.) .

Accepted Answer

A)  All organisms in this chart share all of the derived characteristics.
B)  Only the gorilla and humans share all of the derived characteristics.
C)  The lamprey is the only outgroup since it has none of the derived characteristics.
D)  The salamander and the tiger together are the outgroup because they only share two of the derived characteristics (jaws and lungs) .
E)  The shark is the outgroup since it only has one of the derived characteristics (jaws) .

Question 6

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,while a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is represented by the greatest number of plesiomorphies?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  E

Question 7

-Based on the phylogeny shown,we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species

Accepted Answer

A)  1.
B)  3.
C)  4.
D)  5.
E)  1 or 3 (can't tell) .

Question 8

The figure shows a cladogram of direct development versus development of a larval stage.Choose the true statements about the evolution of development in limpets.

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of structures in the transition from a larval stage to direct development prohibits evolutionary reversal.
B)  Direct development has evolved multiple times.
C)  Evolution always proceeds parsimoniously.
D)  Possession of a larval stage is the ancestral state in limpets.

Question 9

-Consider the cladogram shown.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  4
E)  5

Question 10

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  E

Question 11

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  E

Question 12

The figure shows the evolutionary diversification of the largest clade of herbivorous beetles with the group of plants on which they specialize.Choose the true statements about the evolution of species richness in herbivorous beetles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Feeding on conifers evolved earlier than feeding on angiosperms.
B)  Feeding on cycads evolved earlier than feeding on angiosperms.
C)  Diversification of the angiosperms may have led to diversification of herbivorous beetles.
D)  The multiple,independent evolution of herbivory in beetles is closely linked to their great species richness.

Question 13

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,while a "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data,which pair of species diverged most recently?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4
B)  2 and 3
C)  2 and 4
D)  6 and 4
E)  6 and 5

Question 14

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4
B)  6 and 3
C)  6 and 1
D)  5 and 6
E)  5 and 1

Question 15

A ________ group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ group does not contain the...

Question 16

Select all of the following that can result in homoplasies.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution
B)  evolutionary reversals
C)  divergent evolution
D)  shared ancestry

Question 17

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the fewest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 6
B)  1 and 4
C)  4 and 6
D)  2 and 3
E)  6 and 3

Question 18

The behavior of parental care exhibited by dinosaurs is thought to be ________ to this behavior in crocodiles and birds because phylogeny shows that these three groups share a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The behavior of parental care exhibited by...

Question 19

A ________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ group consists of the most...

Question 20

Choose the true statements about molecular clocks.

Accepted Answer

A)  All molecular clocks tick at the same rate.
B)  Molecular clocks can be calibrated using fossil evidence.
C)  The rate of a molecular clock for a given DNA character might vary depending on how constrained the character is by natural selection.
D)  Ultimately,all molecular clocks depend on the rate of DNA mutation and DNA repair mechanisms.

Exam 23: Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The behavior of parental care exhibited by dinosaurs is thought to be ________ to this behavior in crocodiles and birds because phylogeny shows that these three groups share a common ancestor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,while a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is represented by the greatest number of plesiomorphies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The evolution of conducting tubes (sieve tubes) in land plants and brown algae is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,while a "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data,which pair of species diverged most recently?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select all of the following that can result in homoplasies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Consider the cladogram shown.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statements about molecular clocks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Based on the phylogeny shown,choose the true statements about evolutionary relationships (Select all that apply) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The figure shows the evolutionary diversification of the largest clade of herbivorous beetles with the group of plants on which they specialize.Choose the true statements about the evolution of species richness in herbivorous beetles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the fewest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The figure shows a cladogram of direct development versus development of a larval stage.Choose the true statements about the evolution of development in limpets.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statements about the evolution of complex characters,such as powered flight.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below.The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.(Note: All of the characteristics across the top of the columns are considered "TRAITS" for purposes of reading the chart.) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The biological specialty that deals with the reconstruction and study of phylogenies is called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Based on the phylogeny shown,we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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