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Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure are controlled by the medulla.

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Summarize research findings about left-handedness and its causes.

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Hemispheric specialization has not been ...

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A frog muscle is stimulated with an electric current, but the muscle doesn't twitch. This probably happens because ________.


A) ionic balance has been restored
B) the synapses are underactive
C) the threshold of excitation was not reached
D) the graded potential is too great

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The intricate network of folds that line the outer surface of the cerebral cortex, allowing it to fit inside the skull, are called ________.


A) convolutions
B) sensory projection areas
C) association areas
D) motor projections

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The tiny fibers branching out from the cell body of a neuron are called axons.

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Gloria's friends have recently noticed a startling change in her behavior. She eats everything in sight but gains little, if any, weight. She speeds around the room as if she were taking amphetamines. She seems constantly tense and agitated, and has trouble sleeping. She has become impulsive and lately she seems to be upset by even the slightest stress. The source of Gloria's problems is probably an ________ gland.


A) overactive pituitary
B) overactive thyroid
C) underactive pituitary
D) underactive thyroid

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Compare and contrast the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. What does the current scientific evidence indicate in regard to one's ability to consciously control functions normally controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

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The autonomic nervous system is divided ...

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Define and describe the uses for and limitations of family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies. What has been learned from these studies about the role of heredity in shaping human personality?

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Family studies look at heritability base...

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In regard to the brain, the term "plasticity" refers to ________.


A) easily broken or "cracked"
B) ability to adapt to new conditions
C) level of complexity
D) brittleness, or rigidity

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Jayden was in a four-wheeler accident that resulted in an injury to his brain. He now has difficulty with his hearing and his ability to recognize faces. The part of his brain most likely injured was the ________ lobe.


A) frontal
B) temporal
C) occipital
D) parietal

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An imaging technique that has been useful in helping researchers understand the decline in memory and cognition that often accompanies aging is ________.


A) magnetoencephalogaphy (MEG)
B) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning
C) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
D) magnetic source imaging (MSI)

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During its resting state, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ________ the electrical charge outside the neuron.


A) smaller than
B) positive compared to
C) negative compared to
D) larger than

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The section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement is the ________.


A) primary motor cortex
B) association areas
C) primary somatosensory cortex
D) sensory projection areas

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Studies of heritability in humans that assume that if genes influence a certain trait, close relatives should be more similar with that trait than distant relatives are called ________ studies.


A) strain
B) selection
C) family
D) twin

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The complex cable of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body is the spinal cord.

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Another term for a neural impulse is a(n) ________ potential.


A) resting
B) kinetic
C) graded
D) action

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Specifically describe the effects of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins.

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Acetylcholine acts where neurons meet sk...

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When a neuron is polarized, ________.


A) both positive and negative ions are concentrated inside the neural membrane
B) positive ions are concentrated outside the neural membrane while negative ions are concentrated inside the membrane
C) negative ions are concentrated outside the neural membrane while positive ions are concentrated inside the membrane
D) both positive and negative ions are concentrated outside the neural membrane

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A baby is born with an impairment of his left cerebral hemisphere, but it is not discovered until years later, when certain clues are pieced together. Which of the following is most likely to be one of those clues?


A) He has difficulty identifying colors.
B) He has difficulty perceiving concepts and spatial relationships.
C) He has difficulty learning to read.
D) He has difficulty recognizing people's faces.

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Pairs of tiny threadlike bodies that carry genes are ________.


A) riboplasts
B) vesicles
C) proteins
D) chromosomes

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