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What was Erasmus's fate?


A) He founded Protestantism.
B) He alienated both the Catholics and the Protestants.
C) In defending the Catholics,he lost the support of the Protestants.
D) He became a wandering scholar without credibility.

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Both Christian humanism and Renaissance thought


A) emphasized classical studies.
B) concentrated primarily on secular matters.
C) dealt with social issues,especially the plight of women.
D) were influenced by the pietistic movement.

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In his Essays,Montaigne viewed humans and human nature


A) with an optimistic outlook,for he had faith in fellow human beings.
B) without any hope,since all humans were sinners.
C) as vain and insignificant,but he avoided total skepticism in his outlook.
D) through the eyes of conventional Christian beliefs.

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Discuss the origins and beliefs of the Society of Jesus.

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The Society of Jesus, also known as the ...

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Bruegel's The Painter and the Connoisseur pioneered what new subject in art?


A) a secular depiction of the pope
B) the concept of self-satire by the artist
C) a satiric view of the relations between an artist and an art expert
D) a satiric view of the relationship between the artist and the church
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The success of the Society of Jesus was due to all of these reasons EXCEPT the


A) zeal and leadership of its founder,Loyola.
B) dedication and discipline of its members.
C) support given the order by the papacy.
D) sympathy of Protestants who secretly admired them.

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Discuss the literary achievement of Marguerite of Navarre and describe the social world within which she wrote.

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Marguerite of Navarre, also known as Mar...

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What movement or style dominated Spanish painting after 1564,but left Spanish literature largely untouched?


A) humanism
B) early mannerism
C) late mannerism
D) chivalric satire

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Which of the following did NOT contribute to the disintegration of the Catholic Church?


A) the growing corruption within the church
B) the external threat of Islam from the Middle East
C) the rise of sovereign states
D) the impact of humanism and humanistic studies

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What differentiated northern humanists from Italian ones?


A) the northern humanists' emphasis on education
B) the northern humanists' belief in rationalism
C) the northern humanists' preoccupation with the condition of the church
D) the northern humanists' interest in Greco-Roman classics

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Pieter Bruegel's paintings were


A) products of the Catholic Reformation.
B) efforts to capture the ordinary lives of peasants.
C) expressions of the late Gothic style.
D) judged to be lewd and immoral in his day.

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Who wrote Six Books of the Commonwealth?


A) Andreas Vesalius
B) Michel de Montaigne
C) Jean Bodin
D) Desiderius Erasmus

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Closely associated with Calvinism was the belief that


A) everyone who makes money will be damned.
B) being lazy or industrious has no effect on one's soul.
C) one's outward behavior has no effect on salvation.
D) worldly success was a sign of God's approval.

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How are Shakespeare's insights into human nature expressed in Hamlet? In what ways is Hamlet a mannerist work?

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Shakespeare's insights into human nature...

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What impact did the Counter-Reformation have on El Greco? How was this revealed in his paintings?

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The Counter-Reformation had a significan...

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