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Describe what Carol Dweck means by the term mindset and explain the differences between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset.

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Carol Dweck defines mindset as the cogni...

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Research has shown that adolescents show two distinct responses to difficult or challenging circumstances.One is mastery orientation and the other is


A) defensive orientation.
B) helpless orientation.
C) withdrawal.
D) None of these choices are correct.

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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the obstacles to achievement?


A) Moderate anxiety is related to good academic performance.
B) Setting extremely high standards for yourself so that success is nearly impossible is related to positive academic outcomes.
C) Some students intentionally goof off before a test so that they can blame their failure on goofing off.
D) One form of procrastination is spending a lot of time on one part of the assignment while never finishing the other parts of the assignment.

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The unemployment rate for college graduates is ________ which is ________ than previous years.


A) 2.4%; lower
B) 5.6%; lower
C) 5.6%; higher
D) 10.2%; higher

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Farrah is a B-/C+ student in math.She tells her father that she wants to get an A in math from now on.Knowing how much his daughter struggles in math,her father says,"I'm glad that you want to work on your math grades.Let's aim for a B or B+ next term and we'll build on that.I'll help you make a plan." Researchers would say that


A) this is a good idea; Farrah may get discouraged if she sets expectations that are unrealistic.
B) Farrah's father underestimates her and has probably just killed her motivation.
C) Farrah doesn't need a plan to reach her goal; determination is enough.
D) Farrah will resent her father for suggesting that she work up to her goal with a plan.

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In the study by Englund,Luckner,and Whaley regarding parental expectations of academic success,what were the general findings?


A) Parental expectations of academic success were not related to level of education obtained by the child.
B) Parental expectations of academic success were more strongly related to the child's perceived academic competence than to high school GPA.
C) Parental expectations of academic success were related to the level of education obtained by the child.
D) Parental expectations of academic success were related to income level as an adult.

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Justin is extremely goal-oriented,optimistic,and driven.Carol Dweck would say that Justin has a


A) growth mindset.
B) fixed mindset.
C) performance mindset.
D) None of these choices are correct.

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A

Kayla,an honors student,received a C+ on her report on Pearl Harbor.She says that the teacher doesn't like her because she is an atheist and her teacher is a very religious woman.She believes that she received a low grade because of this dislike.Kayla is making ________ about the cause of her low paper grade.


A) an external attribution
B) an internal attribution
C) a fictional finalism
D) a paranoid delusion

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Which of the following is NOT true of adolescents and achievement?


A) Adolescence is a critical juncture in achievement.
B) As demands on adolescents intensify,different areas of their lives may come into conflict.
C) Achievement is primarily due to their intellectual abilities.
D) New academic and social pressures force adolescents toward different roles.

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Career development is related to ________ in adolescents and emerging adults.


A) high stress levels
B) high levels of anxiety
C) identity development
D) self-esteem

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Professor Daube teaches Theories of Personality.He has his students analyze the song lyrics of famous songwriters,past and present,and see if they can determine the writers' specific personality traits based on their writings.According to research,Professor Daube's students should ________ than students who are taught Theories of Personality by lectures only.


A) be more cognitively engaged with their learning
B) learn less
C) be less motivated
D) None of these choices are correct.

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Research has shown that spending over 20 hours of time in paid labor while in school


A) is associated with developing a good work ethic.
B) helps students to learn time management and social skills.
C) exposes students to good adult mentors.
D) None of these choices are correct.

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Which of the following statements regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is TRUE?


A) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are at work in the real world of students' lives.
B) Parents and teachers should encourage students to become intrinsically motivated.
C) Extrinsic motivation by itself is not a good strategy.
D) All of these choices are correct.

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Leah,age 15,has no idea what she wants to do with her life.She's told to "study hard" but she does not have a long-term goal for life.Which of the following questions would be helpful in getting Leah to focus on her purpose in life?


A) "What's most important to you in your life?"
B) "When do you think you'll decide on a career?"
C) "How much money do you want to make over your lifetime of work?"
D) "What courses will help you clarify your goals?"

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Claire is in a program where she is matched with a member of the community who can help her to develop her interest in nonprofit organizational management.Claire is in a(n) ________ mentoring program.


A) formal
B) informal
C) school-partnership
D) natural

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Researcher Sandra Graham found that middle-SES African American students


A) have low achievement expectations.
B) do not fit the stereotype of being unmotivated.
C) attribute failure to bad luck.
D) All of these choices are correct.

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Liam does not have as high an IQ as his twin brother,but Liam persists at his tasks and has confidence that he will be able to solve life's problems.According to research,we can predict


A) Liam will not be as successful as his intellectually brighter twin.
B) Liam may be quite a high achiever because he has adaptive motivational patterns.
C) Liam will probably give up easily and thus end up being a low achiever.
D) None of these choices are correct.

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B

Petra lives in Russia.What is the probability that she works and attends school?


A) nonexistent
B) about 10 percent
C) about 25 percent
D) about 50 percent

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Which of the following statements regarding adolescents' work hours and types of jobs is NOT true?


A) Almost 10 percent of employed twelfth-grade students work more than 30 hours each week during the school year.
B) Many students work in restaurants.
C) About 20 percent of students work in offices doing clerical work.
D) About 10 percent of students work in unskilled labor.

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C

Andre focuses on winning the prize for the best essay on civil disobedience.He believes that he will be happy if he wins.Andre has a


A) mastery motivation.
B) performance motivation.
C) competitive orientation.
D) fixed mindset.

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