A) never let anyone else know or be able to access the password.
B) store confidential records on a portable storage device, rather than on the computer's hard drive.
C) only use computers that are kept behind locked doors.
D) have a manual lock placed on the computer that requires a key.
E) never print out confidential information because it might be read by others.
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A) the counselor should never include anything that is confidential because it is unethical to do so.
B) the client's business e-mail address should never be used because employers often read the e-mail messages of their employees.
C) the client should be told to avoid using e-mail to set or change appointment times because it is impossible to tell whether the counselor received the message that was sent.
D) the client should be advised that e-mail messages can always be retrieved and that e-mail systems are not as secure as other means of communication.
E) the counselor should never print out the e-mail messages because the client's confidentiality would be compromised by the existence of paper copies.
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D
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A) can be counted on for quality because all are approved by the federal government before they are allowed to be created.
B) contain better, up-to-date information than printed sources.
C) should be avoided because they usually contain inaccurate information.
D) are not monitored for content or quality.
E) have little practical use for clients because they are so technical in the way they present career information.
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D
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A) it can provide clients with greater access to counseling services.
B) it can present issues related to licensure and the ability to practice across state and international boundaries.
C) is controversial because the ACA Code of Ethics does not address this practice.
D) credentialing is available for counselors interested in distance counseling.
E) counselors must take steps to verify clients' identities.
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A) the type of software used, guarantee of confidentiality and privacy, and consent to view client social media.
B) consent to waive right to confidentiality and privacy, as it cannot be guaranteed in distance counseling.
C) consent to waive counselor liability in the event of client crisis, as the counselor may be in a different time zone or otherwise inaccessible.
D) the same information as typical face-to-face Informed Consent.
E) distance counseling credentials, cultural/language differences, time zone differences, emergency procedures to follow if the counselor is not available,
Anticipated response time, and possible denial of insurance.
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A) inform the client that he or she must speak to the counselor face-to-face, because phone communication of confidential issues is unethical.
B) assume that the conversation cannot be intercepted due to encryption software on cell phones.
C) acknowledge that the client is receiving services to unknown callers reporting that they know the client.
D) state information off the record and informally if the client and counselor have good rapport.
E) attempt to verify the client's identity, and demonstrate caution and professionalism when discussing confidential information.
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A) confidential information in e-mails can be saved on computers or e-mail servers.
B) recipients may misinterpret information and are not necessarily able to ask for immediate clarification.
C) e-mail messages can be easily forwarded to others or sent to the wrong recipient by mistake.
D) messages can be altered before being forwarded to another party.
E) the ease of e-mail communication encourages formality and professionalism.
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A) researchers have found that technology use is generally uniform across cultural boundaries.
B) Hispanic and Black individuals are more likely to own a computer than White and Asian counterparts.
C) those without a high school diploma have higher rates of access to high speed internet than those with higher levels of education.
D) Asian and White individuals are more likely to own computers and have access to high speed internet than Hispanic and Black individuals.
E) Internet use appears to be highest among those of lower socioeconomic statuses and educational attainment levels.
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D
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A) friend their clients
B) establish an effective method for verifying client identity.
C) provide a list of all their licenses and links to the licensing boards.
D) post a photo of themselves on the site.
E) use the site to advertise their specialty areas.
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A) never.
B) when the client has given the counselor consent to view the information.
C) if the counselor has concerns about a client's safety.
D) to determine whether the client shares acquaintances with the counselor.
E) to verify a client's identity.
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A) Distance Certified Counselor (DCC)
B) National Distance Counselor (NDC)
C) Certified Distance Counselor (CDC)
D) National Certified Distance Counselor (NCDC)
E) Distance Certified Counseling Specialist (DCCS)
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A) only the ethical standards developed by the state counseling association in which the client resides.
B) ethical standards developed by ACA and state licensing boards, as well as the laws and regulations of both the counselor's and the client's physical locations.
C) ethical standards but not legal requirements, as laws do not yet address distance counseling.
D) only the ethical standards developed by the state counseling association in which the counselor resides.
E) only ethical standards developed by NBCC for credentialed distance counselors.
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A) has been determined to be unethical by the American Counseling Association (ACA) Ethics Committee.
B) is never as effective as providing counseling services face-to-face.
C) presents several advantages compared to face-to-face counseling.
D) is controversial.
E) is risky because no guidelines have yet been developed by professional associations.
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A) loss of body language, inflection, and other cues to communication.
B) licensing concerns relative to practicing across state and international boundaries.
C) limited effectiveness of counseling services that are not delivered face-to-face.
D) reimbursement by insurance providers.
E) need to continuously update ethical codes to address distance counseling.
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A) provides a higher level of security than paper records.
B) is not cost effective.
C) is the preferred method for storing client records.
D) ensures confidentiality.
E) prevents unauthorized individuals from viewing records.
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