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An advantage of being a first mover is that:


A) the pioneering costs are minimal.
B) there are well-defined distribution channels.
C) there is no risk of building the wrong resources.
D) the focus is always on the mass market.
E) there is an opportunity to increase sales volume ahead of rivals.

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Which of the following statements is true about establishing technical standards?


A) Companies in an industry cannot lobby the government to mandate an industry standard.
B) Technical standards are often set by cooperation among businesses, without government help.
C) Companies cannot adopt technical standards that are in the public domain.
D) Market demand is not taken into consideration when it comes to establishing technical standards.
E) The strategy and business model a company has developed for promoting its technological standard holds little importance when it comes to establishing standards.

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Venus Corp. a high-technology, gadget-making company has introduced a gaming console with attractive features. Even though the console is priced modestly and has better features than the existing ones, it has failed as many customers are apprehensive about buying it. To create demand, Venus Corp. should:


A) price the console extremely high.
B) create its own set of technical standards.
C) ensure that there are adequate complementary products.
D) use minimalistic and subtle advertising and marketing strategies.
E) avoid licensing the format to other companies.

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Which of the following will NOT help an established company in addressing the potential challenge of a disruptive technology?


A) Access to knowledge about how disruptive technologies can revolutionize markets
B) Investing in newly emerging technologies that may ultimately become disruptive technologies
C) Separating out the disruptive technology and creating an autonomous operating division solely for this new technology
D) Asking customers if they are interested in the new technology
E) Understanding that a disruptive technology will require a radically different value chain with a different cost structure

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With reference to high-technology industries, which of the following statements is true about technical standards?


A) They emerge because there are economic benefits associated with them.
B) They cause compatibility problems between products and their complements.
C) They can create a lot of confusion in the minds of consumers.
D) They often result in higher production costs.
E) They increase the risks associated with supplying complementary products.

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Which of the following strategies should a company NOT adopt if it wants to win a format war?


A) Developing killer applications
B) Developing complementary products
C) Joining forces with other companies to develop new technologies
D) Aggressively marketing to jump-start demand
E) Charging extremely high license fee for the technology

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Mathematica 1.0 was one of the most distinctive applications for the short-lived NeXT Computer. It still sets the standard for symbolic math and visualization on Windows, Mac, Linux, and Unix. Mathematica 1.0 can be described as which of the following applications?


A) Dominant
B) Analogous
C) Hardware
D) Strategic
E) Killer

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Which of the following is NOT true of high-technology industries?


A) First movers have an advantage because their customers avoid switching costs.
B) First movers have higher pioneering costs than later entrants.
C) Later entrants can avoid the mistakes made by first movers.
D) First movers that create a revolutionary product are in a monopoly position.
E) First movers run the risk of building the wrong resources and capabilities.

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Give an example of an industry that has recently undergone a technological paradigm shift. What impact did the shift have on established companies and on new entrants to the industry?

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Many industries in retailing and manufac...

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When two or more companies compete with each other to get their technology adopted as a standard in an industry, and when network effects and positive feedback loops are important, the company that wins the format war will be the one whose strategy best exploits positive feedback loops.

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Antibody Solutions is a company that specializes in cell-bank storage and producing antibodies for bacterial and viral infections. It is not considered a high-tech company since it is not technically in the computer or software industry, which is typically considered high-tech.

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The layout of the keys on a computer keyboard is an example of a technical standard.

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The outcome of format wars to control the source and customer value of differentiation can ultimately affect the profitability and survival of a company.

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Technological disruption:


A) is typically a temporary phase lasting a few months.
B) occurs when the manufacturing plants of a company fail.
C) mostly affects the new entrants.
D) compels firms to adopt new business models.
E) is a problem primarily in embryonic industries.

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Computer software products have high marginal costs and low fixed costs.

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In order to take advantage of being a first mover in an industry, a new entrant must decide on whether to try to do it alone, enter into a strategic alliance, or license its technology.

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What is the desired outcome of a format war?


A) To control the source of differentiation which also controls the value that such differentiation can create for the customer.
B) To win the greatest market share in the industry.
C) To have control over setting the price for goods and services.
D) To edge other companies out of the industry.
E) To gain copyright and patent license over a product.

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There are no significant benefits to owning a technical standard in an industry.

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Microsoft's near-monopoly of PC operating systems substantially reduces the risks facing the makers of complementary products and the costs of those products.

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One important advantage of being a first mover is that it guarantees success.

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