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An immunoglobulin molecule is an antigen that B cells secrete.

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A normal immune response requires


A) macrophages only.
B) T cells only.
C) B cells only.
D) both T and B cells.
E) neither T nor B cells.

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D

During the primary immune response,B cells give rise to ________.

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Immunoglobulins are in the ____________ fraction of plasma proteins.

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Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?


A) juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
B) multiple sclerosis
C) type 1 diabetes mellitus
D) systemic lupus erythematosus
E) all of the above

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E

The thymus is in the mediastinum behind the sternum.

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Excess fluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by


A) sweating.
B) the cardiovascular system.
C) the urinary system.
D) the lymphatic system.
E) breathing.

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In HIV infection,reverse transcriptase


A) makes RNA from viral DNA.
B) makes protein from viral RNA.
C) makes DNA from viral RNA.
D) makes protein from viral DNA.
E) makes carbohydrate from viral RNA

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The thymus destroys older,worn out red blood cells.

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The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are


A) lymphocytes and macrophages.
B) neutrophils and lymphocytes.
C) monocytes and macrophages.
D) lymphocytes and monocytes.
E) neutrophils and monocytes.

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The foreign or "nonself" proteins that trigger immune responses are called ________.

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A group of lymphocytes that originate from a single early cell is termed a(an)________.

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As a result of an allergen-antibody reaction,


A) blood vessels constrict.
B) smooth muscles relax.
C) lymphocytes release histamine.
D) mast cells release histamine.
E) mucus production decreases.

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The spleen


A) is a blood reservoir.
B) responds to low oxygen concentration.
C) contains many macrophages.
D) resembles a large lymph node divided into nodules.
E) is all of the above.

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The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is


A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

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The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are


A) the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
B) the lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct.
C) the intestinal duct and left intercostal duct.
D) the bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct.
E) none of the above.

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A

The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are


A) neutrophils and monocytes.
B) neutrophils and eosinophils.
C) monocytes and macrophages.
D) lymphocytes and monocytes.
E) mast cells and plasma cells.

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In active immunity,a person becomes immune to a pathogen as a result of having a disease.

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Which of the following is an example of a specific body defense mechanism?


A) phagocytosis
B) inflammation
C) immunity
D) enzyme action
E) fever

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The formation of lymph increases as a result of


A) increasing osmotic pressure in blood capillaries.
B) increasing osmotic pressure in tissue fluid.
C) decreasing volume of tissue fluid.
D) decreasing protein concentration in tissue fluid.
E) increasing the number of white blood cells that leave the blood for the lymph.

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