Question 1

Emotional self-regulation requires

Accepted Answer

A)  automatic processing of information.
B)  effortful management of emotions.
C)  emotional contagion.
D)  adult instruction in when to feel proud,ashamed,or guilty.

Question 2

Josh is irregular in daily routines,is slow to accept new experiences,and tends to react negatively and intensely.In Thomas and Chess's research,Josh would be classified as a(n) _________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-to-warm-up
B)  uninhibited
C)  difficult
D)  easy

Question 3

Expressions of _______ are less frequent than _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sadness;anger
B)  fear;sadness
C)  happiness;sadness
D)  happiness;anger

Question 4

Long-term prediction of temperament can best be achieved after age 3 because

Accepted Answer

A)  young children are unable to provide accurate self-reports.
B)  experience has little effect on temperament until the preschool years.
C)  temperament itself develops with age.
D)  biologically based temperamental traits begin to unfold during the third year of life.

Question 5

According to Erikson,a mother who __________ is likely to promote autonomy in toddlerhood.

Accepted Answer

A)  gives a child an extra five minutes to finish playing before they leave the park
B)  makes her son put away his toys immediately when asked
C)  picks up her son's toys,puts away his books,and makes his bed on a daily basis
D)  criticizes her son whenever he incorrectly uses his fork or spoon

Question 6

Which of the following is supported by research on infant fear?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fear rises during the first half of the first year.
B)  The most frequent expression of fear is stranger anxiety.
C)  Crawling infants rarely show fear of heights.
D)  Fear wanes during the second half of the first year.

Question 7

Carmen adopted her son just after his second birthday.What can you tell Carmen about the opportunity for attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is imperative that the first attachment bond develop within the first year of life.
B)  Her son will definitely display attachment difficulties because he is a "late adoptee."
C)  The first attachment bond can develop as late as 4 to 6 years of age.
D)  Her son will likely shy away from adult attention throughout childhood.

Question 8

Research on child care in infancy has found that

Accepted Answer

A)  the majority of babies in child care display a resistant attachment to their mothers.
B)  the relationship between child care and emotional well-being depends on both family and child-care experiences.
C)  the rate of insecurity among child-care infants is significantly higher than among non-child-care infants-about 73 versus 20 percent.
D)  regardless of quality,child care predicts long-term adjustment problems.

Question 9

By age 6 months,babies of depressed mothers tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  develop resilience against inadequate caregiving.
B)  show delays in development,an irritable mood,and attachment difficulties.
C)  develop a secure attachment to their father or another caregiver.
D)  show high rates of empathy to others' distress.

Question 10

Newborn's remarkable capacity for _______________ supports the beginnings of self-awareness.

Accepted Answer

A)  intermodal perception
B)  attachment
C)  auditory learning
D)  self-recognition

Question 11

Which of the following is supported by research on attachment and later development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants who display disorganized/disoriented attachment usually develop more favorably than resistant infants.
B)  The effects of early attachment security are conditional.
C)  Insecure infants rarely become secure,regardless of child rearing.
D)  Nearly all securely attached babies develop favorably,regardless of later child-rearing experiences.

Question 12

____________ involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while encouraging more adaptive functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Goodness of fit
B)  Ethological theory of attachment
C)  Emotional self-regulation
D)  Effortful control

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the influence of the environment on temperament is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The environment has a greater impact on temperament than genetic factors.
B)  Genetic factors have a much greater impact on temperament than the environment.
C)  Parents tend to view siblings as more similar in temperament and personality than other observers do.
D)  Temperament and personality can be understood only in terms of complex interdependencies between genetic and environmental factors.

Question 14

Maks,who lives in an individualistic culture,gets an "A" on his test.His parents will probably encourage Maks to feel

Accepted Answer

A)  pride in his personal achievement.
B)  embarrassed by the individual attention.
C)  anxious that he might not be able to earn As in the future.
D)  guilty for doing better than other children in the class.

Question 15

Orson's parents smile and say "Yummy!" when he tries new vegetables.His parents are using _________ to try to influence Orson's food preferences.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-conscious emotion
B)  self-awareness
C)  social referencing
D)  emotional self-regulation

Question 16

Babies develop attachments to

Accepted Answer

A)  a single,special person.
B)  female caregivers who feed them.
C)  a variety of familiar people.
D)  fathers only when their mothers are unavailable.

Question 17

Which of the following is supported by research on infant anger?

Accepted Answer

A)  From 4 to 6 months into the second year,angry expressions decrease in frequency and intensity.
B)  Younger infants react with anger in a wider range of situations than older infants.
C)  As infants become capable of intentional behavior,the frequency of angry expressions decreases.
D)  The rise in anger among older infants is adaptive because new motor abilities enable them to defend themselves or overcome obstacles.

Question 18

Self-conscious emotions typically appear

Accepted Answer

A)  between 2 and 4 months.
B)  around 6 months.
C)  at the beginning of the second year.
D)  between 18 to 24 months.

Question 19

Humans are capable of a higher-order set of feelings beyond basic emotions called __________ emotions.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary
B)  tertiary
C)  self-awareness
D)  self-conscious

Question 20

Two-year-old Annmarie tells her mom,"I a good girl." This statement demonstrates that Annmarie is beginning to develop

Accepted Answer

A)  a categorical self.
B)  empathy.
C)  self-conscious emotions.
D)  self-recognition.

Exam 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Newborn's remarkable capacity for _______________ supports the beginnings of self-awareness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Long-term prediction of temperament can best be achieved after age 3 because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is supported by research on infant anger?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Josh is irregular in daily routines,is slow to accept new experiences,and tends to react negatively and intensely.In Thomas and Chess's research,Josh would be classified as a(n) _________ child.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is supported by research on attachment and later development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans are capable of a higher-order set of feelings beyond basic emotions called __________ emotions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on child care in infancy has found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By age 6 months,babies of depressed mothers tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Orson's parents smile and say "Yummy!" when he tries new vegetables.His parents are using _________ to try to influence Orson's food preferences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Expressions of _______ are less frequent than _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emotional self-regulation requires

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the influence of the environment on temperament is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maks,who lives in an individualistic culture,gets an "A" on his test.His parents will probably encourage Maks to feel

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-conscious emotions typically appear

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carmen adopted her son just after his second birthday.What can you tell Carmen about the opportunity for attachment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is supported by research on infant fear?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-year-old Annmarie tells her mom,"I a good girl." This statement demonstrates that Annmarie is beginning to develop

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson,a mother who __________ is likely to promote autonomy in toddlerhood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Babies develop attachments to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________ involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while encouraging more adaptive functioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Expressions of _ are less frequent than ___.

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