Exam 4: Pharmacology

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A) flashbacks
B) rebound effects
C) delirium tremens
D) withdrawal symptoms

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A) blood flow
B) fat solubility of the drug
C) diffusibility of membranes
D) all of these
E) blood flow and diffusibility of membranes only

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D

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A) range of drug doses, effect size
B) effect size, number of drugs
C) number of drugs, effect size
D) effect size, range of drug doses

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A) absorption
B) metabolism
C) synthesis
D) biotransformation

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A) dilution
B) adulteration
C) substitution
D) none of these

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Drug absorption, distribution, and elimi...

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A) 2
B) 10
C) 25
D) 100

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A) Slope
B) Potency
C) Effective dose
D) Synergism

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A) small intestine
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) large intestine

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A) independence
B) blindness
C) control
D) none of these

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C

A) when there is more blood flow at the site of absorption
B) when the absorbing surface is smaller
C) when drugs are taken in suspension, rather than aqueous solution
D) all of these

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A) nitroglycerin
B) cocaine
C) benzene
D) snuff

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Awareness of drug interactions is crucial because it helps to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medications. Drug interactions can occur when one drug affects the activity of another when both are administered together. These interactions can lead to unexpected side effects, reduce or enhance the effectiveness of one or both drugs, or increase the risk of adverse reactions. Understanding these interactions is important for healthcare providers when prescribing medications and for patients to avoid potential health risks. There are two main types of drug interaction effects: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative drug interactions refer to changes in the type of effect that a drug has when combined with another substance. This could mean that a new effect is produced that neither drug would cause on its own, or that one drug alters the characteristic effect of the other. For example, when alcohol is consumed with sedative medications, it can produce a new effect of significantly increased sedation or respiratory depression, which neither substance might cause to such a degree on its own. Quantitative drug interactions, on the other hand, refer to changes in the magnitude or intensity of the effect of a drug. This can be an increase (potentiation) or a decrease (inhibition) in the expected pharmacological action. For instance, if Drug A inhibits the metabolism of Drug B, the levels of Drug B may increase in the bloodstream, leading to an enhanced effect or potential toxicity. Conversely, if Drug A induces the metabolism of Drug B, the levels of Drug B may decrease, reducing its efficacy. Both qualitative and quantitative drug interactions can have significant clinical implications. Awareness and understanding of these interactions allow healthcare professionals to predict potential risks and manage them proactively by adjusting dosages, timing of administration, or choosing alternative medications that do not interact. For patients, being informed about possible drug interactions can help them to communicate effectively with their healthcare providers and to use medications safely.

A) buttocks
B) deltoid
C) thigh
D) all of these
E) buttocks or deltoid only

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A) dissolved
B) suspended
C) diffused
D) absorbed

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