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Exam 2: Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

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Question 31

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Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Glass Lake, located in a valley in low forested mountains, for many decades of the 19th and early 20th centuries was a favorite picnic, recreation, and fishing site for people in surrounding towns and farms. However, in the middle of the 20th century, a trend began in which the privately-owned farms in the Lakeʹs watershed were purchased by large agribusinesses. The decision was made to grow a profitable crop. The demand for quality farmland resulted in the sale of most of the family-owned establishments and a large increase in the area of land under cultivation. Most of the forests were cut to acquire the land needed for crops. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides increased several fold by the end of the century. In addition, the combined population of the lakeside villages quadrupled during the same time. The lake experienced a slow degradation of water quality and biodiversity. Sport fishing declined and the lake became murky while the sediments in the lake increased in depth. -The symptoms of the lake suggest .

A) overfishing
B) eutrophication
C) that all the problems have been created by deforestation
D) pesticide poisoning
E) the effects of global climate change

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Question 32

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Use the figure above to answer the following question. -The pH of stomach acid suggests that it _____________

A) would be harmful to living organisms ingested with food
B) is inside the biological range of pH values
C) must be very close to the pH of other body fluids
D) is an excellent environment for bacteria and fungi to multiply
E) has a very high concentration of hydroxide ions

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Question 33

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Compare the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Charged particles located in the nucleus

Compared to energy-flow in ecosystems, the flow of matter ______________

Which of the following represents an example of aerobic cellular respiration?

That all the energy of the universe remains constant, is conserved, neither created nor destroyed, but may change form is a statement of the ______________

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Combinations of elements held together with bonds

Forming the cell walls of stems, leaves, and roots, what compound is the primary structural constituent of plant tissues?

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Negatively charged particles

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Glass Lake, located in a valley in low forested mountains, for many decades of the 19th and early 20th centuries was a favorite picnic, recreation, and fishing site for people in surrounding towns and farms. However, in the middle of the 20th century, a trend began in which the privately-owned farms in the Lakeʹs watershed were purchased by large agribusinesses. The decision was made to grow a profitable crop. The demand for quality farmland resulted in the sale of most of the family-owned establishments and a large increase in the area of land under cultivation. Most of the forests were cut to acquire the land needed for crops. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides increased several fold by the end of the century. In addition, the combined population of the lakeside villages quadrupled during the same time. The lake experienced a slow degradation of water quality and biodiversity. Sport fishing declined and the lake became murky while the sediments in the lake increased in depth. -A biodiversity survey of the lake revealed a striking decline in nearly all animal species and in rooted plant life, especially where streams discharged into the lake. The immediate cause(s) of the decline most likely were .

River water held behind a dam is best described as a form of ______________

The greatest human impact on the carbon cycle has been through ______________

In the flow of matter in ecosystems, the greatest flow of nutrients is between ______________

Some organisms, such as plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, produced their own food by absorbing the sunʹs radiation. These organisms are referred to as ______________

The greatest planetary pool of nitrogen is ______________

Electrically charged atoms or combinations of atoms are called ______________

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Elements with the same atomic number but with different atomic masses