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The main point of the epigenetic view of development is


A) a child-directed pattern of development.
B) a parent-directed pattern of development.
C) a bidirectional exchange between heredity and environment.
D) a bidirectional exchange between parent or peer group and child.

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List two benefits of a good marriage.

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Happily married people:
1. liv...

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What has research shown about grandparent-child relationships?


A) Grandparent roles and how grandparents see their roles are remarkably consistent across cultures.
B) Grandmothers consistently have more contact with grandchildren than grandfathers.
C) Grandfathers tend to have higher expectations about their role in grandchildren's lives.
D) The number of grandchildren that live in the same home with a grandparent is steadily declining.

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List three reasons to avoid spanking and other harsh forms of punishment.

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1. Children may imitate the model of agg...

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What percentage of 40- to 44-year-old U.S. women remained childless in 2014?


A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 20 percent

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Barton and Alonna just moved in together. They will MOST likely


A) split up within 5 years.
B) marry within a year.
C) live together for several years but eventually marry.
D) have a child within 5 years but not necessarily marry.

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Which parenting style may lead to children who are egocentric, domineering, and noncompliant?


A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indulgent
D) neglectful

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After months of singing "Itsy Bitsy Spider" with her mother, baby Nicole is beginning to do some of the song's actions by herself. Her mother encourages the independent action by letter Nicole control the songs actions for brief moments. This is an example of


A) mutual synchrony.
B) scaffolding.
C) reciprocal socialization.
D) mutual gaze.

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She is likely to feel


A) content with her independence and freedom.
B) societal pressure to marry.
C) resentful that most of her friends are married.
D) desperate to find an available partner.

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Evaluations of the Bringing Baby Home project revealed all of the following EXCEPT


A) parents' improved ability to work together as partners in parenting.
B) fathers were more involved with and sensitive to their baby.
C) that mothers' postpartum depression symptoms were eliminated.
D) babies showed better overall development than babies in a control group.

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Which of Baumrind's parenting styles is highly involved but not very demanding?


A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indulgent
D) neglectful

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List two guidelines for parenting adolescents effectively as indicated by Small (1990).

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1. Show them warmth and mutual respect.
...

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Which of the following is by far the MOST common form of child maltreatment?


A) physical abuse
B) emotional abuse
C) neglect
D) sexual abuse

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Bronfenbrenner terms the influences from another setting that an individual does not experience directly a(n)


A) mesosytem.
B) exosystem.
C) macrosystem.
D) chronosystem.

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In a cross-cultural comparison, how did individuals in the United States stand on the issue of corporal punishment in parenting?


A) They primarily opposed it.
B) They were among the most favorable.
C) Only Western Europe was less favorable toward corporal punishment.
D) They were overall favorable, but not as much as countries in east Asia.

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Much of adolescent-parent conflict is born of a need to balance


A) friends and family.
B) autonomy and attachment.
C) school and social activities.
D) work experience and academic success.

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List three factors associated with a high likelihood of divorce.

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1. youthful marriage
2. low ed...

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Compared to sibling relationships in childhood, sibling relationships in adolescence are


A) more intense.
B) more egalitarian.
C) more companionate.
D) more conflictual.

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List two advantages to having children early and two advantages to having children later.

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Advantages to having children early:
1. ...

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Lori and Spencer have a loving and supportive marriage. What is a likely indirect result of their satisfied relationship?


A) satisfied relationships with each spouse's family of origin
B) fewer personal friendships
C) sensitive, responsive parenting
D) increased involvement in community events

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