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Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

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Question 61

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"Put yourself in my position," Janice whines. "Can't you spare an hour to help me out?" Janice is attempting to evoke __________ when trying to persuade you to help her.

A) empathy
B) the reciprocity norm
C) kin selection
D) social exchange pressures

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Question 62

Multiple Choice

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According to the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970) , if you just witnessed a mugging, you will be most likely to call for help if you __________.

A) are the sole witness
B) are one of seven witnesses
C) are in a good mood prior to the mugging
D) perceive yourself as similar to the victim

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Question 63

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Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past, those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes. This argument lies at the heart of __________ as a source of altruistic behavior.

Researchers (Isen & Levin, 1972) found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped. These results suggest that __________.

Some have speculated that people in rural areas are more likely to help than are people in urban areas because "trust" and "being neighborly" are more valued in rural than in urban settings. Were this true, who would be most likely to help a stranger who needed assistance?

Suppose Dan is late for a very important meeting. As he runs toward his car, he sees a woman using crutches who has dropped a large stack of papers onto a busy sidewalk. Dan feels a great deal of empathy for this woman because he remembers how tough it was when he had to use crutches a couple years before. According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, Dan will __________.

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1991) ?

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970) , all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack __________.

Which of the following does NOT represent prosocial behavior?

Marla has revised her will to ensure that upon her death, all of her functioning organs (corneas, liver, kidneys, heart, and so on) will be used to help transplant patients. She's told no one about her actions, and expects nothing in return. This is an example of __________ behavior.

While waiting for a bus, witnesses hear a man growing increasingly frantic as he cries, "My nitro tablets. Where are my nitro pills? I can't find my nitro tablets, and I'm having a heart attack!" He collapses to the ground, clutching his chest. Everyone knows that it is a medical emergency. In this situation, who is most likely to help?

Annie works with AIDS patients to get an idea of whether she wants to pursue social work as a career. Bert volunteers at a mental hospital to fulfill a class requirement. Stacey paints a mural for her old school because her sorority requires her to do a community service project. George helps the elderly prepare their income tax returns because his accounting firm will not give him a Christmas bonus if he does not volunteer. Who is most likely to engage in volunteer work again in the future?

Researchers staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised his pant leg to reveal a bloody injury. The staged scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas. When Amato counted the number of passersby who stopped to help the man, he found that __________.

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of __________ to inhibit helping.

The authors of your text offer three main motives as to why people help others. Which of the following is NOT one of those motives?

According to your text, which of the following scenario's is least likely defended by a social exchange theory?

The phenomenon in which each bystander's sense of responsibility to help __________ as the number of witnesses __________ best defines diffusion of responsibility.

According to Milgram's urban overload hypothesis, if you have a heart attack, where do you want to be when you have that heart attack?

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because people __________.

Of the following people, who would be most likely to be found working at the local food bank?