Exam 4: Speciation and Phylogeny

A) A and B are more closely related to each other than to C.
B) A and C are more closely related to each other than to B.
C) C and B are more closely related to each other than to A.
D) A, B and C most likely emerged at the same time from the common ancestor.

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A) microevolution and asexual reproduction
B) reinforcement and character displacement
C) blending and macroevolution
D) phylogeny and disequilibrium

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A) cannot be maintained without good geographical separation.
B) are very flexible, so closely related species are easily confused.
C) are maintained by genetic drift.
D) are maintained by selection, even if they overlap in geography.

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A) Individuals in the same environment experience similar natural selection pressures.
B) Lack of gene flow prevents the mixing of genes.
C) Individuals in the same population share DNA.
D) Individuals in the same environment sometimes experience different selection pressures.

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A) many fossil species retain only derived traits.
B) derived traits are under greater genetic control than are analogous and homologous traits.
C) all organisms have homologous traits.
D) analogous and homologous traits do not tell us anything about close phylogenetic relationships.

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A) a mutation caused by solar radiation produces adaptations.
B) a population expands across a uniform habitat.
C) multiple new species are produced because subpopulations adapt to new environments.
D) a species loses adaptations through mutation.

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A) found in the common ancestor of the group, but is lost in both of the descendant species.
B) replaced by derived characters at the point of the split of the last common ancestor into two new species.
C) found in the last common ancestor of the pair, and may be present in one, both, or neither of the species.
D) found in the last common ancestor of the pair and at least one of the species.

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A) Species A and C are most closely related.
B) Species A and B are most closely related.
C) Species B and C are most closely related.
D) All three species are equally related.

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A) only morphological similarity to classify organisms.
B) only descent to classify organisms.
C) both similarity and descent to classify organisms.
D) neither similarity nor descent to classify organisms.

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A) morphological traits.
B) traits related to making a living or choosing mates.
C) features of their genome.
D) traits related to their life histories.

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Ancestral characters appear in the fossi...

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A) the formation of new species
B) the death of individuals
C) evolutionary change within a species
D) the extinction of a species

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Students can use the example of allopatr...

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An ancestral character is found in most ...

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Analogous characters are traits that are...

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The biological species concept is one of...

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A) natural selection favoring different adaptations within a similar environment and within a population
B) natural selection favoring adaptations to a similar environment by geographically separated groups
C) a mother population divided into two physically separated populations, and adapting to distinct environments
D) a small subset of the population becoming isolated, followed by random genetic drift

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A) A large lake is divided into two smaller lakes by a geological process, dividing a single species of fish into two different groups.
B) All of the "parent" species of a new species go extinct, reducing gene flow between populations.
C) There are two distinct possible feeding strategies within a given population, causing the rise of two species living in the same geographic area.
D) A mutation changes the mating ritual followed by a subset of individuals in a population, and they end up forming an all-new species.

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