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Exam 8: Operant Procedures: Punishment

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Question 21

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Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to ______.

A) reduce its effectiveness
B) increase its effectiveness
C) have no impact on its effectiveness
D) have variable and unpredictable effects on its effectiveness

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Question 22

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Although punishment can have negative side effects, there is evidence that it can also have positive side effects. Completion

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Question 23

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The two-process theory of punishment assumes that punishment involves ___________.

Harriet hears a noise in the kitchen and investigates. She finds the cookie jar in pieces on the floor and 5-year-old Willy standing nearby. Harriet knows what happened, but asks Willy anyway. Willy admits that he broke the jar while trying to get cookies. Harriet gives Willy a spanking. Willy is most likely to learn from this experience that _______.

________ punishment is often confused with ________ reinforcement.

All of the following enhance the effectiveness of punishment except _______.

An early theory of punishment proposed that response suppression occurred because aversives disrupt ongoing behavior.

If Charles Catania's thinking about reinforcement is applied to punishment, we can say that all of the following are true of punishment except _______.

The main difference between positive and negative punishment is that in negative punishment a stimulus is_________.

The term punishment, as used by behavior scientists, has nothing to do with retribution.

Abnormal behavior may persist despite aversive consequences because it also produces reinforcing consequences.

David Camp and colleagues found that even a delay of only _____ reduced the effectiveness of a punisher.

The use of punishers is so common that _______ concluded that "The world runs on fear."

Murray Sidman's book on aversive control, including punishment, is called ______.

One problem with punishment is the tendency to imitate the use of punishment. Two other problems are________.

The first formal studies of punishment were probably done by _________ .

Frequent use of weak punishers is more effective than occasional use of intense punishers.

Positive punishment is most often confused with _______.

Negative punishment is also sometimes called ______ training.

It is common practice to begin punishment with a very weak punisher and gradually increase the intensity of the punisher until one finds an effective level of intensity. Is this a good ideahy or why not?