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Aulette cites the work of Rosabeth Moss Kanter who identified five major effects of work on family including "absorptiveness of an occupation," which is defined as:


A) The amount of time a job requires and when the time is demanded.
B) The extent to which a job draws in an employee and his or her family members.
C) The values and ideas promoted at work that influence the employee in his or her behavior at home.
D) The social-psychological influences at work that affect employees and their relationships in families.

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Hochschild's research,reported in her book,The Time Bind,documents the tension people experience between work and family.She found that people spend long hours at work for three reasons,including all of the following EXCEPT:


A) they need the money.
B) economic insecurity and the fear of being downsized.
C) they like work and find it rewarding,sometimes more rewarding than their families.
D) the concept of competition at work and the need for "face time" there.

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Some feminists criticize exchange theory,which assumes that all individuals operate from their own self-interests and ignore gender.They cite the work of Gilligan,who studied the moral reasoning of women and men.She found that women make moral decisions based on an ethic of __________,while men make moral decisions based on an ethic of __________.


A) caring ...responsibility.
B) principle ...noncoercion.
C) caring and responsibility ...principled noncoercion.
D) principled noncoercion ...caring and responsibility.

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The U.S.Department of Labor tracks labor force participation rates for all adults over age 20 by race and sex.All of the following EXCEPT one reflects their 2009 data cited by Aulette.Which is FALSE?


A) The majority of women work for wages.
B) A larger percentage of black men work for wages than black men.
C) A larger percentage of black women work for wages than black women.
D) A larger percentage of Hispanic men work for wages than black men.

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Wives whose husbands have _______ incomes have the highest rates of labor force participation.


A) below-average
B) average
C) above-average

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When female workers are studied in the sociology of work,researchers typically use


A) a job model focusing on working conditions,opportunities and problems in trying to understand their behavior at work and their expectations.
B) a gender model focusing on personal characteristics and family circumstances to explain work behavior.
C) a social structural model focusing on societal opportunities and problems.
D) a cultural model focusing on values and belief systems that impact work expectations.

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One of the ways jobs differ in their impact on families is by the demand of time placed on employees.Aulette discusses three ways that time issues impact families.These include all of the following EXCEPT:


A) the number of hours of work
B) when the work is done
C) long-term commitments
D) travel

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Gerson (cited by Aulette) interviewed men about "negotiating the new terrain of work,family and gender" and grouped these men into general categories including all EXCEPT:


A) Men who reflect a "stalled revolution," who took their breadwinning role very seriously,and expected it to be translated into authority in the home.
B) Men who chose autonomy over parenthood,including "rebels" who did not have children,and "estranged fathers" who were not close with their children.
C) "Involved fathers," who work to become more integrated into the work of family life,especially the work of raising children.
D) "New age traditionals," who claimed egalitarian values but whose behavior reflected traditional roles.

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Industrialization resulted in a separation of work and family,segregating men in the public sphere and women in the domestic sphere.This familial ideology was problematic for


A) no one because such separation is functional.
B) upper-class and middle-class white women because they often felt isolated and stifled in their domestic spheres.
C) African American and working-class white women because it was held up as an ideal but was often impossible for them to attain.
D) Both B and C above.

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Wages have an impact on the internal dynamics of families.Research shows that:


A) Women who earn wages exercise greater power in their families than women who are not employed.
B) Full-time homemakers exercise greater power in their families than women who are employed.
C) Earning wages does not make a difference in women's power in their families.

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Provisions of the Family and Medical Leave Act include all of the following EXCEPT:


A) It allows up to twelve weeks leave in a twelve-month period.
B) It may be taken for birth,adoption or foster placement of a child.
C) It may be taken to care for a spouse,parent,or child with serious medical condition.
D) It requires at least half pay for the leave.

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Rosabeth Moss Kanter (cited by Aulette) lists five ways in which the organization of paid work affects families.If a job is stressful and unsatisfying and the employee takes out his or her anger and frustration on family members,Kanter categorizes the situation as a result of


A) Absorptiveness
B) Time and timing
C) Worldview
D) Emotional climate

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Aulette divides explanations for why women entered the labor force in the 20th century into three groups.Which of the following theories argues that women's increased labor participation can be attributed to factors such as improved birth control,increased life spans,and technology in factories that make it easier and cheaper to purchase good and services than it is to produce them at home?


A) Supply side
B) Demand side
C) Social Structural
D) Cultural

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The Family and Medical Leave Act covers


A) all full-time employees in the United States.
B) public-sector employees but not private sector employees.
C) private sector employees but not public sector employees.
D) all public workplaces but only those private workplaces with more than fifty employees.

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Exchange theory argues that people enter into social relationships in which they


A) exchange rewards with each other.
B) love each other.
C) can control each other.
D) acquire status.

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Medicine,a traditionally masculine profession,is noted for making enormous demands on physicians' time and attention.One third of physicians are women.Social research regarding female physicians' careers and families found all of the following EXCEPT:


A) Women medical students defined these challenges as personal ones and put the burden on themselves to work it out.
B) The entrance of women into the medical profession has changed the profession so that it is more family friendly for both men and women.
C) Women physicians tend to specialize in different areas and more likely to choose specialties with regular hours,such as dermatology or pathology.
D) Women physicians work fewer hours per week,see fewer patients,and earn less money than male physicians.

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Feldberg and Glenn (cited by Aulette) argue that two models for understanding work and family dominate: the job model and the gender model.Which of the following is true of the gender model?


A) It is used to explain men's work behavior.
B) It is used to explain women's work behavior.
C) It focuses on working conditions in trying to understand worker's behavior.
D) It assumes that family experience is pretty much unrelated to work experience.

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Aulette cites the work of Rosabeth Moss Kanter who identified five major effects of work on family,one of which she labeled "Emotional Climate," which is defined as:


A) The amount of time a job requires and when the time is demanded.
B) The extent to which a job draws in an employee and his or her family members.
C) The values and ideas promoted at work that influence the employee in his or her behavior at home.
D) The social-psychological influences at work that affect employees and their relationships in families.

Correct Answer

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Hochschild's research,reported in her book,The Time Bind,documents the tension people experience between work and family.She identifies three solutions: traditional,cool modern and warm modern.All of the following are elements of the "warm modern" EXCEPT:


A) Men and women should share parenting and housework.
B) Communities should value work in the home as highly as work on the job.
C) Policymakers should demand family-friendly reforms.
D) Government should pay an allowance in the form of special tax breaks to parents so one can stay home before children are in school.

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In which of the following couples did differences in earnings cause the greatest power differences?


A) Married heterosexuals
B) Cohabiting heterosexuals
C) Gay males
D) Lesbians

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