Question 1

If left untreated, galactosemia leads to mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The Fischer projection for the naturally occurring form of fucose, one of the carbohydrates used as a cell marker in the determination of blood types, is shown below.Is this D-fucose or L-fucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  D-fucose
B)  L-fucose
C)  It is neither D- nor L-; fucose is not chiral.
D)  It is impossible to determine from the Fischer projection alone.

Question 3

What is the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose
B)  cellulose
C)  glycogen
D)  fructose
E)  amylose

Question 4

What is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  a carbohydrate that can be oxidized by Benedict?s reagent
B)  a sugar that contains an acetal
C)  a carbohydrate that can be reduced by Benedict?s reagent
D)  a sugar that can be digested by the body
E)  a carbohydrate that is part of a polysaccharide

Question 5

Which form of D-glucose has the -OH group on carbon-1 below the ring in the Haworth projection?

Accepted Answer

A)  meso
B)  L
C)  α
D)  β
E)  γ

Question 6

What is the molecular formula of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  C6H12O5
B)  C6H12O6
C)  C6H10O5
D)  C5H10O5
E)  C9H18O9 B

Question 7

What two monosaccharides join to form the disaccharide lactose?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose and galactose
B)  galactose and fructose
C)  ribose and galactose
D)  glucose and fructose
E)  glucose and glucose

Question 8

Amylose and amylopectin are both components of starch.How do their structures differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amylose is a monosaccharide and amylopectin is a polysaccharide.
B)  Amylose is a polysaccharide and amylopectin is a disaccharide.
C)  Amylose is an aldose and amylopectin is a ketose.
D)  Amylose is a linear polysaccharide and amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide.
E)  Amylose is a hexose and amylopectin is a pentose.

Question 9

What are the major sites of glycogen storage in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  fat and pancreas
B)  liver and muscle
C)  stomach and intestines
D)  kidneys and stomach
E)  heart and brain

Question 10

Which property of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde differs?

Accepted Answer

A)  melting point
B)  solubility
C)  direction of rotation of plane-polarized light
D)  density
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Monosaccharides are structurally defined as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones
B)  hemiacetals and acetals
C)  polyamides or polyesters
D)  enols and enolates
E)  carboxylic acids A

Question 12

Gentobiose, a rare disaccharide found in saffron, produces two identical monosaccharides when it undergoes hydrolysis.What is the structure of the monosaccharide hydrolysis product? E. None of these are correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)   E. None of these are correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
B)   E. None of these are correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
C)   E. None of these are correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
D)   E. None of these are correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >E. None of these are correct.

Question 13

Which enantiomer of glyceraldehyde is represented in the following structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  L-glyceraldehyde
B)  α-glyceraldehyde
C)  β-glyceraldehyde
D)  D-glyceraldehyde
E)  It is impossible to determine from the structure alone.

Question 14

The structure of ribose, found in RNA, is shown below.How does the structure of deoxyribose, found in DNA, compare to it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deoxyribose has one less oxygen.
B)  Deoxyribose has one more oxygen.
C)  Deoxyribose has one less oxygen and one less hydrogen.
D)  Deoxyribose has one less hydrogen.
E)  Deoxyribose has one less oxygen and two less hydrogens.

Question 15

What term properly describes the relationship between the two compounds shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  betamers
B)  constitutional isomers
C)  enantiomers
D)  anomers
E)  unrelated

Question 16

Which of the following carbohydrates is also known as dextrose, and is the sugar referred to when blood sugar is measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen
B)  sucrose
C)  glucose
D)  starch
E)  lactose

Question 17

The glycosidic linkages found in most disaccharides and polysaccharides are acetal bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A termite's digestive organs produce a cellulase that allows it to break down wood fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which statement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molecules that contain a chiral carbon will rotate plane-polarized light.
B)  If one molecule rotates plane-polarized light clockwise 10°, its enantiomer will rotate plane-polarized light counterclockwise by 10°.
C)  The D- and L- designation of sugars is determined by the chiral atom farthest from the most oxidized carbon.
D)  All sugars designated with a D- prefix will rotate plane-polarized light in a clockwise direction.
E)  Dextrorotatory sugars rotate plane-polarized light clockwise and are designated by a plus sign (+) .

Question 20

Monosaccharides exist predominantly as cyclic hemiacetals.Cyclic hemiacetals have both an α and a β form.Which of the following monosaccharides are shown in the β form?

Accepted Answer

A)  III only
B)  IV only
C)  I and III
D)  II and IV
E)  All are shown in the β form.

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

If left untreated, galactosemia leads to mental retardation.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

The Fischer projection for the naturally occurring form of fucose, one of the carbohydrates used as a cell marker in the determination of blood types, is shown below.Is this D-fucose or L-fucose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a reducing sugar?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which form of D-glucose has the -OH group on carbon-1 below the ring in the Haworth projection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the molecular formula of glucose?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What two monosaccharides join to form the disaccharide lactose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amylose and amylopectin are both components of starch.How do their structures differ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the major sites of glycogen storage in the human body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which property of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde differs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monosaccharides are structurally defined as which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Gentobiose, a rare disaccharide found in saffron, produces two identical monosaccharides when it undergoes hydrolysis.What is the structure of the monosaccharide hydrolysis product?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which enantiomer of glyceraldehyde is represented in the following structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structure of ribose, found in RNA, is shown below.How does the structure of deoxyribose, found in DNA, compare to it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What term properly describes the relationship between the two compounds shown?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following carbohydrates is also known as dextrose, and is the sugar referred to when blood sugar is measured?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The glycosidic linkages found in most disaccharides and polysaccharides are acetal bonds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A termite's digestive organs produce a cellulase that allows it to break down wood fibers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monosaccharides exist predominantly as cyclic hemiacetals.Cyclic hemiacetals have both an α and a β form.Which of the following monosaccharides are shown in the β form?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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