Question 1

To achieve fluid balance,ion concentration gradients are eliminated by

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis.
B)  diffusion.
C)  active transport.
D)  pinocytosis.
E)  facilitated diffusion.

Question 2

What is the primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer the pH of the ICF
B)  contribute to the regulation of pH in both the ECF and ICF
C)  provide extensive buffering capability in the ICF of active cells
D)  prevent pH changes caused by organic (metabolic) acids
E)  provide the use of amino acid side groups in response to pH changes

Question 3

The cup-shaped chamber,or the expanded end of a nephron,is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus.
B)  glomerular capsule.
C)  proximal convoluted tubule.
D)  distal convoluted tubule.
E)  loop of Henle.

Question 4

-Label T represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla
B)  renal columns
C)  renal cortex
D)  major calyx
E)  minor calyx

Question 5

With increasing age,

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of functional nephrons increases.
B)  the sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone increases.
C)  the total body water content increases.
D)  instances of kidney problems increase.
E)  the body mineral content increases due to the deterioration of bone.

Question 6

The kidneys

Accepted Answer

A)  transport urine,as well as semen,in males.
B)  are covered by a layer of muscularis mucosa.
C)  conduct urine to the exterior.
D)  produce urine.
E)  temporarily store urine prior to elimination.

Question 7

-Label AA represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum
B)  renal pelvis
C)  renal cortex
D)  renal medulla
E)  renal sinus

Question 8

-Label F represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla
B)  renal columns
C)  renal cortex
D)  major calyx
E)  minor calyx

Question 9

-Label Y represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla
B)  renal columns
C)  renal pyramids
D)  major calyx
E)  minor calyx

Question 10

Hypoventilation is usually the cause of

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.
E)  hyponatremia.

Question 11

The micturition reflex begins to function when

Accepted Answer

A)  the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the sympathetic motor neurons.
B)  the stretch receptors have provided maximum stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons.
C)  the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons.
D)  the stretch receptors have provided maximum stimulation to the sympathetic motor neurons.
E)  the stretch receptors are initially distorted.

Question 12

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT decreases.
B)  more concentrated urine is produced.
C)  less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct.
D)  the water content of urine increases.
E)  the sensation of thirst is inhibited.

Question 13

ANP release is stimulated when

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.
B)  the rate of sodium ion reabsorption is decreased.
C)  urinary water retention is too high.
D)  glomerular filtration is increased.
E)  blood volume and blood pressure are too high.

Question 14

Urine ejection cannot occur unless which event(s) takes place?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the internal and external urethral sphincters are contracted.
B)  The internal urethral sphincter is relaxed,and the external urethral sphincter is contracted.
C)  The internal urethral sphincter is contracted,and the external urethral sphincter is relaxed.
D)  Only the internal urethral sphincter is contracted.
E)  Both the internal and external urethral sphincters are relaxed.

Question 15

Major calyces are

Accepted Answer

A)  drains that combine to form the renal pelvis.
B)  expanded ends of nephrons.
C)  basic functional layers of the kidney.
D)  the site of exit for the ureter.
E)  the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

Question 16

Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine
B)  prostate
C)  liver
D)  ureter
E)  urethra

Question 17

-Label C represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum
B)  renal pelvis
C)  renal cortex
D)  renal medulla
E)  renal sinus

Question 18

When one eats a high-sodium meal,why does it not raise the sodium ion concentration of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  The osmolarity of the ECF falls.
B)  Osmosis moves water from the digestive epithelium to the ECF.
C)  Both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute.
D)  There is an increase in the volume of the ICF.
E)  Water is exchanged for sodium chloride as it crosses the digestive epithelium.

Question 19

Water movement between the ECF and ICF is called

Accepted Answer

A)  incontinence.
B)  metabolic generation of water.
C)  urinalysis.
D)  diuretic factor.
E)  fluid shift.

Question 20

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney: 1.afferent arteriole
2.arcuate artery
3.interlobar artery
4.renal artery
5.glomerulus
6.cortical radiate artery
7.efferent arteriole
8.peritubular capillary
The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is

Accepted Answer

A)  4,6,2,3,1,5,7,8.
B)  4,3,2,6,1,5,7,8.
C)  4,3,2,6,7,5,1,8.
D)  4,6,2,3,7,5,1,8.
E)  4,3,6,2,1,5,7,8.

Exam 18: The Urinary System

What is the primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?

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Urine ejection cannot occur unless which event(s) takes place?

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Hypoventilation is usually the cause of

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-Label F represents which of the following structures?

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When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

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The micturition reflex begins to function when

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When one eats a high-sodium meal,why does it not raise the sodium ion concentration of body fluids?

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The kidneys

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To achieve fluid balance,ion concentration gradients are eliminated by

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With increasing age,

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-Label C represents which of the following structures?

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Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?

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-Label T represents which of the following structures?

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Major calyces are

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Water movement between the ECF and ICF is called

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The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney: 1.afferent arteriole 2.arcuate artery 3.interlobar artery 4.renal artery 5.glomerulus 6.cortical radiate artery 7.efferent arteriole 8.peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Label AA represents which of the following structures?

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The cup-shaped chamber,or the expanded end of a nephron,is known as the

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ANP release is stimulated when

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-Label Y represents which of the following structures?

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