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Exam 4: Working Memory

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Question 31

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Suppose you are accustomed to driving a car in which the switch for the windshield wipers is located to the left of the steering wheel. Then you borrow a friend's car. To use the wipers on this car, you must activate the switch to the right of the steering wheel, but you keep reaching toward the left. You are demonstrating

A) proactive interference.
B) the phonological loop.
C) the effects of "magical number seven."
D) a real-life version of the Brown/Peterson & Peterson test of memory.

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Question 32

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In the discussion of working memory, why did Teasdale and his colleagues (1995) conclude that daydreaming is processed by the central executive?

A) People daydreamed more creatively when they were instructed to use their central executive.
B) People typically used their sensory receptors for this task, so the central executive was automatically activated.
C) People could generate a sequence of random numbers more successfully if they were not daydreaming.
D) People reported that they could not daydream in vivid detail if they were simultaneously engaged in another task that required the central executive.

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Question 33

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According to Baddeley and his colleagues,

Suppose that you have been studying some terms related to your course in biopsychology. After you have been studying for about 15 minutes, you find that you are having more trouble learning and remembering new terms. This problem is an example of

Suppose that you are trying to perfect your accent in Spanish. Your teacher just pronounced the word "ferrocarril," and you are trying to keep the "rolling r" sound in your memory long enough to pronounce it yourself. In Baddeley's model, you are most likely to use your

Baddeley's model of working memory now includes a feature called the "episodic buffer." According to Baddeley, this feature

Baddeley's model of working memory proposes a feature called the "phonological loop." This feature allows you to

According to the research about factors that affect the capacity of working memory,

Suppose that a professor asks the students in her class to say their names out loud (one at a time) on the first day of class. Then she asks them to write down as many of their classmates' names as they can recall. Then she constructs a graph that shows "Number of correct responses" on the Y-axis and "Serial position of the name" on the X-axis. The shape of the graph

Which of the following students provides the best information about short-term memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?

Chapter 4 described research by LJRomero Lauro and her colleagues, which used a method called "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation." These authors concluded that

Researchers in neuroscience, over the past two decades, have spent a great deal of time working on the

People with _____ often show problems in daily functioning because their excessive worrying takes up so much of their working memory capacity that it reduces their ability to perform cognitive tasks.

Imagine that you are tutoring high school students, and you have quickly presented 12 new terms to them. They are likely to recall the first few terms most accurately because of

You are trying to retain-in your working memory-a mental picture of a stranger's face. According to Baddeley, you are using your

As Chapter 4 discusses, John Brown, Lloyd Peterson, and Margaret Peterson created a classic technique for assessing short-term memory. In this technique, people saw some stimuli, counted backwards by threes during the delay period, and then tried to recall the original stimuli. The results of their research showed that

Chapter 4 discussed a classic study by Wickens and his colleagues (1976) in which each of five groups of participants learned a series of words belonging to one category (e.g., "occupations" or "meats") . On the final trial, they all switched to words belonging to a new category ("fruits") . What did the results of this study show about the recall for this final set of words?

Working memory is useful in our daily lives because

Chapter 4 discusses neuroscience research on the central executive. According to this discussion, the central executive

One reason that the visuospatial sketchpad is more challenging to study than the phonological loop is that