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Unscientific polls that are often conducted by newspapers and politicians to determine who is ahead in a political race are called ______ polls.

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A survey question such as,"Do you support or oppose being allowed to take the Lifetime Learning Credit during years in which you pay for postsecondary education with a distribution from an education IRA?" is problematic because ______.


A) the question is loaded
B) the question is not balanced
C) it is likely that few people have thought about the issue
D) the question is worded as a double negative
E) the question is ambiguous

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When politicians try to determine public opinion by listening to their supporters and friendly interest groups,they are likely to face the problem of ______.


A) erroneous data
B) sampling error
C) sample bias
D) push polling
E) straw men polling

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The gender gap is especially large on issues of ______.


A) pay
B) violence
C) voting
D) education

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The authors of the textbook argue that public opinion matters because ______.


A) it should matter
B) the public has far more power to influence events than politicians realize
C) the public is too knowledgeable for politicians to ignore
D) the news media covers public opinion and thereby gives it more importance than politicians would prefer
E) politicians and the media treat public opinion as if it matters

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When politicians try to determine public opinion by listening to their supporters and friendly interest groups,they are likely to face the problem of _______.

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The portion of the population selected to participate in a poll is known as the ______.


A) population
B) public
C) focus group
D) deliberative group
E) sample

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With respect to constructing survey questions,all of the following statements are true EXCEPT this one:


A) Respondents are often willing to give opinions on subjects about which they know little or nothing.
B) Questions should not be ambiguous.
C) Similar questions can yield surprisingly different answers.
D) The order in which questions are asked can change the results.
E) Surveys tend to underestimate the racial tolerance of the American people.

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Which of the following is NOT true regarding polling?


A) Sampling bias is not generally a problem that plagues pollsters.
B) A sample of 1,000 to 2,000 respondents can be very representative of the entire U.S. population.
C) How the question is worded can lead a person to give significantly different answers.
D) Few differences exist between those who choose to participate in polls and those who do not.
E) A poll that showed Candidate A with 48 percent of the vote and Candidate B with 45 percent of the vote, with a sampling error of 3 percent, means that we can be 95 percent sure that Candidate A is leading.

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______ are instrumental in designing campaign strategy.

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Self-interest is a source of ______.


A) agreement in society
B) manipulation by politicians in society
C) the lack of support for good public policies only by the uneducated in society
D) divisions in society
E) socialization in society

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A plebiscite is ______.


A) a proposed constitutional convention to update the Constitution
B) a law that grants ex-felons the right to vote
C) an amendment to the Constitution
D) a parliamentary system to replace the current system of separation of powers
E) a popular vote on national policy issues

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The textbook identifies four characteristics of ideal citizenship and concludes that only some Americans live up to them.The authors argue,however,that Americans as a group behave in a much more rational manner than one would expect from their failure to meet the characteristics.Name the four characteristics,and discuss the evidence for the authors' conclusion that most Americans do not meet the standards.Explain how Americans as a group can behave so rationally if they are not rational as individuals.

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The four characteristics include being a...

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The danger of majority tyranny in a democracy most likely would result from ______.


A) majority rule without the tempering influence of debate and discussion
B) the growing influence of the media
C) the tendency of citizens to vote emotionally in elections
D) too many procedural restraints on Congress
E) an uninformed public

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In recent years,the influence of ideology and partisanship on political divisions in American society has changed.Define these two terms,and then discuss how they influence political divisions today.

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Students should define ideology as a set...

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Tracking polls are significant because they ______.


A) are able to catch daily changes in public opinion that other horse race polls cannot
B) help candidates devise their campaign strategies
C) have caused the public to question the accuracy of polls
D) are inexpensive to conduct
E) allow pundits to make predictions on Election Day

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A survey question such as "How many times in the past few months have you used drugs?" is problematic because ______.


A) the question is confusing
B) it is likely that few people have thought about the issue
C) the question is not balanced
D) the question is worded as a double negative
E) the question is ambiguous and loaded

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The process by which we learn our political orientations and allegiances is called political adherence.

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The textbook does NOT argue the following:


A) Self-interest is a source of division in public opinion.
B) Self-interest is a source of agreement in public opinion.
C) The major focus of self-interest is economic well-being.
D) Many people express opinions that seem to run counter to concerns over self-interest.
E) Self-interest is one of several factors affecting opinions.

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Which of the following is NOT an argument put forth by the textbook's authors?


A) The higher the level of education, the more tolerance people tend to demonstrate on surveys.
B) Education may be related to knowing the right answers rather than actually being more tolerant.
C) There are important cases in American history in which the educated elites were the leaders of intolerant behavior.
D) In many ways, less educated people are more tolerant than educated people.
E) Some observers argue that elites are the protectors of our democratic values.

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