Question 1

Most animals cannot digest cellulose.However, those with a second stomach, containing specific bacteria that produce β-glycosidases, can digest cellulose.What is the role of the β-glycosidase in digesting cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)   β-glycosidase catalyzes the oxidation of cellulose.
B)   β-glycosidase catalyzes the isomerization of β-glycosidic bonds into α-glycosidic bonds.
C)   β-glycosidase catalyzes the reduction of cellulose.
D)   β-glycosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellulose.
E)   β-glycosidase catalyzes the dehydration of cellulose.

Question 2

Which disaccharide has glycosidic bonds to the anomeric carbons of both monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)   lactose
B)   sucrose
C)   cellobiose
D)   maltose
E)   both cellobiose and maltose

Question 3

Which of the following sugars is the enantiomer of D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)   sugar a
B)   sugar b
C)   sugar c
D)   sugar d
E)   sugar e

Question 4

A patient with chronic pancreatitis has her pancreas removed.Which of the following effects would be most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)   nothing
B)   the regeneration of the pancreas
C)   type I diabetes
D)   type II diabetes
E)   hypoglycemia

Question 5

Which structures is an α-anomer?

Accepted Answer

A)   structure a
B)   structure b
C)   structure c
D)   structure d
E)   structure e

Question 6

Which of the following sugars is called "blood sugar"?

Accepted Answer

A)   glucose
B)   glycogen
C)   fructose
D)   sucrose
E)   All of the above are called blood sugar.

Question 7

Which disaccharide is the common type of sugar that comes from sugar cane or beets?

Accepted Answer

A)   lactose
B)   sucrose
C)   cellobiose
D)   maltose
E)   both cellobiose and maltose

Question 8

In which of the following Haworth projections is the arrow pointing to the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)   structure a
B)   structure b
C)   structure c
D)   structure d
E)   structure e

Question 9

Which carbon of L-dopa is a chirality center?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon A
B)   carbon B
C)   carbon C
D)   carbon D
E)   carbon E

Question 10

Which statement does NOT describe the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the carbon of the carbonyl in the open-chain form of the sugar.
B)   This carbon is attached to two oxygens in the ring form of the compound.
C)   The hydroxyl group on this carbon can be above or below the ring.
D)   Glucose does not contain an anomeric carbon.
E)   The anomeric carbon is a chirality center.

Question 11

Which molecule is chiral?

Accepted Answer

A)   molecule a
B)   molecule b
C)   molecule c
D)   molecule d
E)   molecule e

Question 12

In which of the sugars below is the arrow pointing to the carbon that determines whether a sugar is α- or β-?

Accepted Answer

A)   structure a
B)   structure b
C)   structure c
D)   structure d
E)   structure e

Question 13

The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below.Which functional group(s) does fructose contain?

Accepted Answer

A)   an aldehyde only
B)   hydroxyl groups only
C)   hydroxyl groups and an alkene
D)   hydroxyl groups and a ketone
E)   hydroxyl groups and an aldehyde

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes the role of insulin in the body? I.Insulin signals to cells to allow glucose to enter.
II) Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
III) Insulin stimulates the hydrolysis of glucose from glycogen.

Accepted Answer

A)   All of these describe the role of insulin in the body.
B)   I only
C)   II only
D)   III only
E)   I and II

Question 15

What is the relationship between the following two molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are enantiomers.
B)   They are identical.
C)   They are conformers.
D)   They are constitutional isomers.
E)   They are unrelated.

Question 16

The circled carbon in the cyclic structure of glucose corresponds to which boxed carbon in the linear structure?

Accepted Answer

A)   choice a
B)   choice b
C)   choice c
D)   choice d
E)   choice e

Question 17

Which glycosidic linkage does the sugar shown below contain?

Accepted Answer

A)   β-(2→4) 
B)   α-(1→4) 
C)   β-(1→4) 
D)   α-(2→4) 
E)   α-(2→6)

Question 18

Animals store energy in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)   amylose.
B)   amylopectin.
C)   glycogen.
D)   cellulose.
E)   amylose and amylopectin.

Question 19

Which is the BEST definition for diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diabetes is hypoglycemia due to an excess of insulin.
B)   Diabetes is hypoglycemia due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin.
C)   Diabetes is hyperglycemia due to an excess of insulin.
D)   Diabetes is hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin.
E)   Diabetes is any disorder of blood sugar.

Question 20

Below is the open-chain form of fructose, followed by several cyclic monosaccharides.Choose the cyclic monosaccharides that are the ring form of fructose.

Accepted Answer

A)   Only structure II is D-fructose.
B)   Only structure III is D-fructose.
C)   Both structures I and II are D-fructose.
D)   Both structure III and IV are D-fructose.
E)   All of these structures are D-fructose.

Exam 14: Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Which of the following sugars is called "blood sugar"?

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In which of the following Haworth projections is the arrow pointing to the anomeric carbon?

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Which is the BEST definition for diabetes?

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Most animals cannot digest cellulose.However, those with a second stomach, containing specific bacteria that produce β-glycosidases, can digest cellulose.What is the role of the β-glycosidase in digesting cellulose?

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The circled carbon in the cyclic structure of glucose corresponds to which boxed carbon in the linear structure?

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Which carbon of L-dopa is a chirality center?

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A patient with chronic pancreatitis has her pancreas removed.Which of the following effects would be most likely?

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Which of the following statements describes the role of insulin in the body? I.Insulin signals to cells to allow glucose to enter. II) Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen. III) Insulin stimulates the hydrolysis of glucose from glycogen.

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Which of the following sugars is the enantiomer of D-glucose?

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Below is the open-chain form of fructose, followed by several cyclic monosaccharides.Choose the cyclic monosaccharides that are the ring form of fructose.

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The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below.Which functional group(s) does fructose contain?

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Which statement does NOT describe the anomeric carbon?

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Which disaccharide is the common type of sugar that comes from sugar cane or beets?

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Animals store energy in the form of

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Which structures is an α-anomer?

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Which glycosidic linkage does the sugar shown below contain?

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Which molecule is chiral?

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What is the relationship between the following two molecules?

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In which of the sugars below is the arrow pointing to the carbon that determines whether a sugar is α- or β-?

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Which disaccharide has glycosidic bonds to the anomeric carbons of both monosaccharides?

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