Question 1

Of these four events, which would occur first in urine formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular filtration
B)  Tubular secretion
C)  Tubular resorption
D)  Urine concentration A

Question 2

What can a urinalysis test tell a health practitioner about a patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whether the patient is having problems with their pancreas
B)  Whether the blood is too acidic
C)  Whether the patient has chronic high blood pressure
D)  Whether the kidney is functioning properly
E)  Any of these can be indicated by a urinalysis test

Question 3

Why is filtration a passive process?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is driven by osmotic pressure.
B)  It is driven by ATP production.
C)  It is driven by blood pressure.
D)  It is driven by partial pressure gradient.

Question 4

Reabsorption and active transport occur in the convoluted tubules of the nephron, whereas filtration occurs in the glomerular capsule of the renal corpuscle. Predict what cellular structure will be more abundant in tubule cells as compared to capsule cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria
B)  RER
C)  Golgi apparatus
D)  Lysosomes

Question 5

Explain the structural and functional significance of the location of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A)  This location allows the macula densa cells to receive information about the results of the three processes of urine formation and give instructions to the afferent arteriole thus changing activity levels for future urine production.
B)  This location allows the macula densa cells to receive information about the results of the three processes of urine formation and give instructions to the efferent arteriole thus changing activity levels for future urine production.
C)  This location provides the best opportunity to affect rates of reabsorption.
D)  This location has a higher interstitial osmolarity allowing regulation of salt concentrations in urine.

Question 6

Substance Y is not present in the urine; however, it was originally filtered through the glomerulus. How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was phagocytized during the countercurrent exchange.
B)  It was secreted in the distal tubule.
C)  It was resorbed in the proximal tubule.
D)  It was not filtered by the glomerulus.

Question 7

Explain why filtration is a passive process in the renal corpuscle.

Accepted Answer

A)  The size of the filtration slits and fenestrations is constant.
B)  Blood pressure in the glomerulus is constant.
C)  Podocyte regulation of filtration is constant.
D)  Hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space is constant.

Question 8

The filtration membrane is created by the ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus; podocytes
B)  afferent arteriole; vasa recta
C)  glomerulus; parietal layer of glomerular capsule
D)  glomerular capsule; afferent arteriole

Question 9

Explain why excess proteins in the urine of a pregnant woman are an indication of preeclampsia.

Accepted Answer

A)  Larger molecules such as proteins more easily pass through the filtration membrane when blood pressure is elevated and is a sign of kidney problems.
B)  Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of a urinary tract infection, which is a common condition in pregnant women.
C)  Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of gestational diabetes (diabetes mellitus) , which can affect pregnant women.
D)  Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of physiological stress on the liver, which can occur during pregnancy.

Question 10

When demonstrating the function of the filtration membrane in a lab activity, what is used to test for various substances in the urine filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spectrometer
B)  Urinalysis strip
C)  Dialysis tubing
D)  Deionized water

Question 11

In a simulation of the filtration membrane, which substance should be able to pass through the dialysis tubing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leukocyte
B)  Erythrocyte
C)  Glucose
D)  Protein

Question 12

Which substance should be found in urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma proteins
B)  Urea
C)  Erythrocytes
D)  Glucose

Question 13

What is the dialysis tubing simulating when demonstrating the function of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting duct
B)  Renal pelvis
C)  Filtration membrane
D)  Blood flow C

Question 14

In which part of the renal tubule does aldosterone primarily target?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephron loop
B)  Collecting duct
C)  Proximal tubule
D)  Distal tubule

Question 15

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular cells
B)  podocytes
C)  macula densa cells
D)  both juxtaglomerular and macula densa cells

Question 16

Which structure surrounds the proximal and distal tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasa recta
B)  Nephron loop
C)  Glomerulus
D)  Peritubular capillaries

Question 17

Substance X was isolated in a urine sample, but it is too big to pass through the glomerular filtration membrane. How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  The glomerulus must be infected and hyperpermeable.
B)  The kidney must be damaged.
C)  It was secreted later in the distal tubule.
D)  It isn't possible. There was a flaw in the urinalysis.

Question 18

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maintaining the blood's water balance
B)  Producing renin
C)  Resorbing bile for recycling
D)  Regulating the blood's acid-base balance C

Question 19

-Identify the structure labeled "g."

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular capsule
B)  Renal corpuscle
C)  Efferent arteriole
D)  Afferent arteriole

Question 20

Why can't a plasma protein move through the dialysis tubing of the simulated filtration membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is too large.
B)  Its shape is incompatible with receptor.
C)  It is too small.
D)  It has an opposite electrical charge.

Exam 30: Physiology of the Urinary System

Of these four events, which would occur first in urine formation?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What can a urinalysis test tell a health practitioner about a patient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is filtration a passive process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reabsorption and active transport occur in the convoluted tubules of the nephron, whereas filtration occurs in the glomerular capsule of the renal corpuscle. Predict what cellular structure will be more abundant in tubule cells as compared to capsule cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the structural and functional significance of the location of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substance Y is not present in the urine; however, it was originally filtered through the glomerulus. How is this possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why filtration is a passive process in the renal corpuscle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The filtration membrane is created by the ________ and ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why excess proteins in the urine of a pregnant woman are an indication of preeclampsia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When demonstrating the function of the filtration membrane in a lab activity, what is used to test for various substances in the urine filtrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a simulation of the filtration membrane, which substance should be able to pass through the dialysis tubing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which substance should be found in urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the dialysis tubing simulating when demonstrating the function of the nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In which part of the renal tubule does aldosterone primarily target?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which structure surrounds the proximal and distal tubules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substance X was isolated in a urine sample, but it is too big to pass through the glomerular filtration membrane. How is this possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

-Identify the structure labeled "g."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why can't a plasma protein move through the dialysis tubing of the simulated filtration membrane?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The filtration membrane is created by the and .

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C

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