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Exam 14: Organizations and Work

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Question 1

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According to Marx, industrialization was leading to a situation in which workers were increasingly directed on how and when to do what task. This leads to ________, in which workers have no say in the decisions of how to employ their abilities, and thus, the purposive and conceptual nature of human work is lost.

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Question 2

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Durkheim studied the division of labour and wrote that it would lead to ________, a special problem where people would feel atomized and experience a sense of normlessness.

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Question 3

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The detailed division of labour that has developed in the modern, industrial era is often viewed as very beneficial to workers since they will learn to do lots of small tasks instead of having to see an entire project through from start to finish.

Which of the following statements associated with the concept of downsizing is NOT true?

Weber spent a great deal of energy trying to understand organizations and particularly something he called ________, a special type of complex organization characterized by an explicit set of rules and a hierarchy of authority.

Consider occupational segregation. In your own experience have you noticed occupational segregation based on sex? Race? Using an example, describe how and why occupational segregation may occur.

Marx wrote in his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 that a detailed division of labour would destroy the ________ of work.

The term ________ describes the process by which a firm reduces the number of employees, while trying to keep returns on invested capital at the same level or, preferably higher.

Which of the following is NOT associated with unemployment?

In contrast to Japanese society, there is a long tradition of mistrust between management and labour in North American society.

In his book, Political Parties, Michels argued that an iron law of oligarchy exists such that even in democratic organizations, be they socialist or capitalist, rule by the many will inevitably become rule by the few.

The division of labour may be defined as changing physical materials (manual work) or mental constructs/ideas (intellectual work) so as to make these materials and/or ideas more useful to the producer.

The theory that assumes organizational structures emerge from the meaningful interactions of persons who are negotiating and navigating among each other is known as:

Human work is different from animal work in two ways. To begin with, humans conceptualize the end product before they even pick up a tool. Secondly, human work is purposive and ________.

Taylor stated in his book, The Principles of Scientific Management, that all "brainwork" must be removed from the shop floor and placed in the hands of ________.

What is meant by the "globalization of production"?

The term bond-rating describes the process by which a firm reduces the number of employees while trying to keep returns on invested capital at the same level, or preferably higher.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of human work?

________ exists alongside formal organization and consists of the activities that people engage in that are not explicitly expected of them but that they find necessary to carry out their day-to-day tasks.

What does Marx mean by alienation? How does alienation occur?