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Exam 10: Interactions and Potential Energy

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Question 21

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A spring-loaded dart gun is used to shoot a dart straight up into the air, and the dart reaches a maximum height of 24 meters above its point of release. The same dart is shot up a second time from the same gun, but this time the spring is compressed only half as far (compared to the first shot) . How far up does the dart go this time? (Neglect friction and assume the spring is ideal and massless.)

A) 6.0 m
B) 12 m
C) 3.0 m
D) 48 m

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Question 22

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Consider the motion of a 1.00-kg particle that moves with potential energy given by U(x) = (-2.00 J ∙ m) /x + (4.00 J ∙ m²) /x². Suppose the particle is moving with a speed of 3.00 m/s when it is located at x = 1.00 m. What is the speed of the object when it is located at ?

A) 2.13 m/s
B) 3.00 m/s
C) 4.68 m/s
D) 3.67 m/s

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Question 23

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In the figure, a 5.00-kg block is moving at 5.00 m/s along a horizontal frictionless surface toward an ideal massless spring that is attached to a wall. After the block collides with the spring, the spring is compressed a maximum distance of 0.68 m. What is the speed of the block when it has moved so that the spring is compressed to only one-half of the maximum distance?

A 2.0 kg mass is moving along the x-axis. The potential energy curve as a function of position is shown in the figure. The kinetic energy of the object at the origin is 12 J. The system is conservative, and there is no friction. (a) What will be the kinetic energy at 2.0 m along the +x-axis? (b) What will be the speed of the object at 6.0 m along the +x-axis?

A 1.37-kg block is held in place against the spring by a 74-N horizontal external force (see the figure) . The external force is removed, and the block is projected with a velocity v₁ = 1.2 m/s upon separation from the spring. The block descends a ramp and has a velocity at the bottom. The track is frictionless between points A and B. The block enters a rough section at B, extending to E. The coefficient of kinetic friction over this section is 0.24. The velocity of the block is at C. The block moves on to D, where it stops. The initial compression of the spring is closest to

A box of mass m is pressed against (but is not attached to) an ideal spring of force constant k and negligible mass, compressing the spring a distance x. After it is released, the box slides up a frictionless incline as shown in the figure and eventually stops. If we repeat this experiment but instead compress the spring a distance of 2x

Is it possible for a system to have negative potential energy?

A 50.0-kg skier starting from rest travels 200 m down a hill that has a 20.0° slope and a uniform surface. When the skier reaches the bottom of the hill, her speed is 30.0 m/s. (a) How much work is done by friction as the skier comes down the hill? (b) What is the magnitude of the friction force if the skier travels directly down the hill?

A 2.5-kg box, sliding on a rough horizontal surface, has a speed of 1.2 m/s when it makes contact with a spring (see the figure). The block comes to a momentary halt when the compression of the spring is 5.0 cm. The work done by the friction, from the instant the block makes contact with the spring until is comes to a momentary halt, is -0.50 J. (a) What is the spring constant of the spring? (b) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the rough surface?

A block slides down a frictionless inclined ramp. If the ramp angle is 17.0° and its length is find the speed of the block as it reaches the bottom of the ramp, assuming it started sliding from rest at the top.

An athlete stretches a spring an extra 40.0 cm beyond its initial length. How much energy has he transferred to the spring, if the spring constant is 52.9 N/cm?

Block 1 and block 2 have the same mass, m, and are released from the top of two inclined planes of the same height making 30° and 60° angles with the horizontal direction, respectively. If the coefficient of friction is the same in both cases, which of the blocks is going faster when it reaches the bottom of its respective incline?

A 5.00-kg object moves clockwise around a 50.0 cm radius circular path. At one location, the speed of the object is 4.00 m/s. When the object next returns to this same location, the speed is 3.00 m/s. (a) How much work was done by nonconservative (dissipative) forces as the object moved once around the circle? (b) If the magnitude of the above nonconservative (dissipative) forces acting on the object is constant, what is the value of this magnitude?

In the figure, a block of mass m is moving along the horizontal frictionless surface with a speed of 5.70 m/s. If the slope is 11.0° and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the incline is 0.260, how far does the block travel up the incline?

A ball drops some distance and loses 30 J of gravitational potential energy. Do NOT ignore air resistance. How much kinetic energy did the ball gain?

An object of mass 4.0 kg starts at rest from the top of a rough inclined plane of height 10 m as shown in the figure. If the speed of the object at the bottom of the inclined plane is 10 m/s, how much work does friction do on this object as it slides down the incline?

Two stones, one of mass m and the other of mass 2m, are thrown directly upward with the same velocity at the same time from ground level and feel no air resistance. Which statement about these stones is true?

A very small 100-g object is attached to one end of a massless 10-cm rod that is pivoted without friction about the opposite end. The rod is held vertical, with the object at the top, and released, allowing the rod to swing. What is the speed of the object at the instant that the rod is horizontal?

The only force acting on an object moving along the x-axis is the conservative force given by F(x) = (2.00 N/m)x + (1.00 N/m³)x³. (a) What is the change in potential energy when the object moves from x = 1.00 m to x = 2.00 m? (b) What is the change in kinetic energy when the object moves from x = 1.00 m to x = 2.00 m?

In the figure, a 4.0-kg ball is on the end of a 1.6-m rope that is fixed at 0. The ball is held at point A, with the rope horizontal, and is given an initial downward velocity. The ball moves through three quarters of a circle with no friction and arrives at B, with the rope barely under tension. The initial velocity of the ball, at point A, is closest to