Question 1

Three of the following mathematics teachers are using techniques that should help their students remember information. Which one is using a relatively ineffective technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mr. Allen uses wooden blocks and diagrams to help students understand how the volume of a cube is calculated.
B)  Ms. Batchelder asks students to think of real-life problems requiring the use of multiplication.
C)  Mr. Constanza shows his students how division is simply the reverse of multiplication.
D)  Ms. Davenport asks her students to memorize textbook definitions of eight geometric figures.

Question 2

Cordell is trying to remember the various rocks he has been studying in his earth science class (granite,sandstone,limestone,obsidian,marble,etc.) . He finally decides it would be easiest if he studied them as three groups: sedimentary,igneous,and metamorphic. Considering research regarding this strategy,Cordell should:

Accepted Answer

A)  Have an easier time remembering them because he's organizing them.
B)  Have a more difficult time remembering them because he must remember the three groupings as well as the rocks themselves.
C)  Have an easier time remembering them only if he also looks at pictures of each kind of rock.
D)  Have a more difficult time remembering them because he's using only rehearsal to learn them.

Question 3

Which one of the following statements best describes the sensory register?

Accepted Answer

A)  It holds everything that is sensed in a relatively unencoded fashion.
B)  It encodes information largely in terms of underlying meanings.
C)  It holds only a small amount of information,selecting things that will probably be important to know.
D)  It holds only a small amount of information,selecting things more or less at random.

Question 4

Which one of the following statements best characterizes working memory (sometimes known as short-term memory) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  It holds information for several hours and includes only things that we know we will need later on.
B)  It holds information for two to five minutes,longer if we engage in rehearsal.
C)  It actively processes a small amount of information,typically holding it for less than a minute.
D)  It holds processed information for several days or weeks,but usually not forever.

Question 5

To remind her first-grade son Kevin to bring his umbrella home from school,his mother pins a drawing of an umbrella to Kevin's jacket collar. Kevin's mother is helping him remember the umbrella through the use of:

Accepted Answer

A)  A superimposed meaningful structure.
B)  A retrieval cue.
C)  The keyword method.
D)  Verbal mediation.

Question 6

Ms. Goodsell is thinking about how she might help the students in her introductory French class learn to pronounce the word bonjour correctly. Which one of her thoughts below is most consistent with a social cognitive theory perspective of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  "If I explain the parts of the word-if I tell them that bon means "good" and jour means "day"-then they will have an easier time understanding why the word is pronounced the way it is."
B)  "I need to be patient. Correct pronunciation will come in time for those students who are really motivated to speak French."
C)  "Maybe I should explain how certain letters and letter combinations are consistently pronounced differently in French than they are in English."
D)  "Maybe I should show them how I form my mouth and lips as I pronounce the word and then encourage them to imitate me."

Question 7

George does not know the days of the week. You want him to be able to recite all seven days in order,beginning with Sunday. Devise a superimposed meaningful structure you might use to help George remember the days.

Accepted Answer

In this case an appropriate superimposed...

Question 8

Knowledge of brain physiology ("brain research") is useful to teachers because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  Identifies knowledge and skills that are important in a particular culture.
B)  Provides guidance as to how teachers can help students acquire knowledge and skills.
C)  Helps teachers understand the neurological bases of certain disabilities (e.g.,dyslexia) .
D)  Identifies which methods of instruction are most helpful in a particular subject area (e.g.,science) .

Question 9

Three of the following examples illustrate specific strategies that can be effective in helping students with learning disabilities learn classroom material. Which strategy is least likely to be effective with these children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Russell's teacher suggests that he listen to his favorite radio station while he studies for tomorrow's spelling test.
B)  Nattie's teacher shows her how to use a weekly calendar to keep track of what assignments she needs to complete and when they are due.
C)  Josie's teacher gives her special memory tricks to help her remember how to spell certain words (e.g.,"The principal is my pal") .
D)  Vern's history teacher loans Vern a videotape that depicts some of the historical events about which the class is reading.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements best describes the three-component model of memory presented in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  All information that reaches the sensory register also reaches working memory,but only a small percentage of this information is stored in long-term memory.
B)  Information that must be remembered for a long time goes directly from the sensory register to long-term memory; less important information is stored in working memory.
C)  The three components of memory are used to store different kinds of information: visual images are stored in the sensory register,most numerical information is stored in working memory,and verbal information is stored in long-term memory.
D)  All information that enters long-term memory must first pass through the sensory register and working memory.

Question 11

Which one of the following best describes our current knowledge about the brain and learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  We know that learning is associated with the formation of new synapses and may also involve creation of new astrocytes.
B)  We know that large doses of certain vitamins promote brain growth and lead to more rapid and efficient learning.
C)  We know that "left-brained" individuals are,on average,more effective learners than "right-brained" individuals.
D)  We know that the long-term memories of rapid learners are about 20% larger than the long-term memories of slow learners.

Question 12

In which of these situations is information most likely to be stored effectively in long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abby looks up the correct spelling of independence and immediately writes it down.
B)  Bob repeats "Comment allez vous?" after his teacher five times in a row.
C)  Corinne realizes that the word receive follows the "I before E except after C" rule.
D)  David stares at a page in his textbook trying to form a visual snapshot of the page in his mind.

Question 13

Which one of the following statements best describes psychologists' proposal that children's knowledge sometimes takes the form of theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ways in which children categorize their experiences usually have little relevance to physical reality.
B)  Children develop a general set of beliefs about how the world operates.
C)  In the early years,children develop concrete understandings of events; these understandings become increasingly abstract as they reach adolescence.
D)  Children form hypotheses about what things are and are not examples of a concept.

Question 14

Research tells us that students' misconceptions about a topic are often quite resistant to change,yet sometimes misconceptions must change if students are to acquire an accurate understanding of the world around them. Describe at least three teaching strategies that theorists believe should help students change their misconceptions about the world.

Accepted Answer

Strategies for promoting conceptual chan...

Question 15

Behaviorists view learning differently than information processing theorists and constructivists do. Which one of the following statements best describes the difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorism focuses on temporary changes; information processing theory and constructivism focus on long-term changes.
B)  Behaviorism focuses on long-term changes; information processing theory and constructivism focus on temporary changes.
C)  Behaviorism focuses on mental phenomena; information processing theory and constructivism focus on observable behaviors.
D)  Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors; information processing theory and constructivism focus on mental phenomena.

Question 16

Gretchen thinks about Christopher Columbus,which reminds her of Spain,which in turn reminds her that she needs to do her homework for her Spanish class. Which one of the following does Gretchen's train of thought best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The interconnectedness of long-term memory
B)  Elaboration in working memory
C)  Reconstruction error in retrieval
D)  Encoding during long-term memory storage

Question 17

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the process of elaboration of new information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paying careful attention to the most important aspects of new information
B)  Failing to notice significant aspects of new information
C)  Constructing meaning by adding something already known to new information
D)  Remembering the order in which several pieces of new information are received

Question 18

Many psychologists propose that learning often involves elaboration. Explain what they mean by the term elaboration,and give a concrete example to illustrate it. Then explain:
a. Why educational psychologists recommend that students elaborate as much as possible
b. Why different people often elaborate on the same information differently
c. Why elaboration sometimes leads to the storage of inaccurate information

Accepted Answer

Elaboration involves embellishing on (e....

Question 19

Many psychologists believe that learning and understanding are often quite constructive in nature. Three of the following scenarios illustrate such construction. Which scenario does not necessarily involve construction in learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although no one has ever told her so,Peggy thinks that the night sky is a big black blanket covering the earth and that the blanket has tiny holes through which the stars shine.
B)  Mr. McFarland asks his third graders to practice their multiplication tables every day. After a month of such practice,Misty can retrieve all the basic multiplication facts quickly and easily.
C)  When George reads about the Vietnam War in his history book,he comes to the conclusion that the United States should never have gotten involved in Southeast Asia.
D)  Because the word photosynthesis begins with photo,Jeremy guesses that it must have something to do with taking photographs.

Question 20

Eunice had trouble learning the formula for calculating the area of a circle,so she is saying it to herself over and over while the teacher passes out a geometry test. Eunice is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

A)  Storage in the sensory register.
B)  Retrieval from long-term memory.
C)  The use of rehearsal.
D)  The use of verbal mediation.

Exam 2: Learning, cognition, and Memory

Many psychologists believe that learning and understanding are often quite constructive in nature. Three of the following scenarios illustrate such construction. Which scenario does not necessarily involve construction in learning?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following statements best characterizes working memory (sometimes known as short-term memory) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following best describes our current knowledge about the brain and learning?

Correct Answer
verified

Gretchen thinks about Christopher Columbus,which reminds her of Spain,which in turn reminds her that she needs to do her homework for her Spanish class. Which one of the following does Gretchen's train of thought best illustrate?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Knowledge of brain physiology ("brain research") is useful to teachers because it:

Correct Answer
verified

Three of the following examples illustrate specific strategies that can be effective in helping students with learning disabilities learn classroom material. Which strategy is least likely to be effective with these children?

Correct Answer
verified

To remind her first-grade son Kevin to bring his umbrella home from school,his mother pins a drawing of an umbrella to Kevin's jacket collar. Kevin's mother is helping him remember the umbrella through the use of:

Correct Answer
verified

Three of the following mathematics teachers are using techniques that should help their students remember information. Which one is using a relatively ineffective technique?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the process of elaboration of new information?

Correct Answer
verified

Eunice had trouble learning the formula for calculating the area of a circle,so she is saying it to herself over and over while the teacher passes out a geometry test. Eunice is demonstrating:

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following statements best describes the sensory register?

Correct Answer
verified

George does not know the days of the week. You want him to be able to recite all seven days in order,beginning with Sunday. Devise a superimposed meaningful structure you might use to help George remember the days.

Correct Answer
verified
In this case an appropriate superimposed...
View Answer

Behaviorists view learning differently than information processing theorists and constructivists do. Which one of the following statements best describes the difference?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Elaboration involves embellishing on (e....
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Strategies for promoting conceptual chan...
View Answer

Which one of the following statements best describes the three-component model of memory presented in the textbook?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following statements best describes psychologists' proposal that children's knowledge sometimes takes the form of theories?

Correct Answer
verified

In which of these situations is information most likely to be stored effectively in long-term memory?

Correct Answer
verified

Ms. Goodsell is thinking about how she might help the students in her introductory French class learn to pronounce the word bonjour correctly. Which one of her thoughts below is most consistent with a social cognitive theory perspective of learning?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Learning, cognition, and Memory

Many psychologists believe that learning and understanding are often quite constructive in nature. Three of the following scenarios illustrate such construction. Which scenario does not necessarily involve construction in learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements best characterizes working memory (sometimes known as short-term memory) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following best describes our current knowledge about the brain and learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gretchen thinks about Christopher Columbus,which reminds her of Spain,which in turn reminds her that she needs to do her homework for her Spanish class. Which one of the following does Gretchen's train of thought best illustrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Knowledge of brain physiology ("brain research") is useful to teachers because it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three of the following examples illustrate specific strategies that can be effective in helping students with learning disabilities learn classroom material. Which strategy is least likely to be effective with these children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To remind her first-grade son Kevin to bring his umbrella home from school,his mother pins a drawing of an umbrella to Kevin's jacket collar. Kevin's mother is helping him remember the umbrella through the use of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three of the following mathematics teachers are using techniques that should help their students remember information. Which one is using a relatively ineffective technique?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the process of elaboration of new information?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eunice had trouble learning the formula for calculating the area of a circle,so she is saying it to herself over and over while the teacher passes out a geometry test. Eunice is demonstrating:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements best describes the sensory register?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

George does not know the days of the week. You want him to be able to recite all seven days in order,beginning with Sunday. Devise a superimposed meaningful structure you might use to help George remember the days.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn this case an appropriate superimposed...View AnswerShow Answer

Behaviorists view learning differently than information processing theorists and constructivists do. Which one of the following statements best describes the difference?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedElaboration involves embellishing on (e....View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedStrategies for promoting conceptual chan...View AnswerShow Answer

Which one of the following statements best describes the three-component model of memory presented in the textbook?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements best describes psychologists' proposal that children's knowledge sometimes takes the form of theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of these situations is information most likely to be stored effectively in long-term memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ms. Goodsell is thinking about how she might help the students in her introductory French class learn to pronounce the word bonjour correctly. Which one of her thoughts below is most consistent with a social cognitive theory perspective of learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
In this case an appropriate superimposed...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Elaboration involves embellishing on (e....
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Strategies for promoting conceptual chan...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified