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Exam 3: The Molecules of Life

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Question 1

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Extremophilic bacteria are able to survive in hostile environments, including scalding hot water found in springs and vents that reach temperatures over 100°C. Researchers studying these bacteria measured the function of a protein from an extremophile bacterium at 100°C, and they also measured the function of a similar protein from a human cell at 100°C. Which results do you think the researchers obtained?

A) The bacterial protein functioned normally, whereas the human protein did not.
B) The human protein functioned normally, whereas the bacterial protein did not.
C) The bacterial protein and the human protein both functioned normally.
D) Neither the human protein nor the bacterial protein functioned normally.

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Question 2

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By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds?

A) unsaturated
B) saturated

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Question 3

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What name is given to the following reaction? glycerol + 3 fatty acids → triglyceride + 3 water molecules

Nucleic acids are polymers of ________ monomers.

Table sugar is ________.

Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. While shopping at the grocery store, you take a look at three types of cookies. Summaries of the nutrition facts labels for the cookies are shown in the table below. -Compare the chocolate mint cookies and the peanut butter cookies. Which cookies are less healthy? Why?

The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life most likely arose in ________.

________ is a hydroxyl group.

Scenario Cooking oils, such as olive oil, are largely made up of unsaturated fats. If you have ever heated cooking oil in a pan, you might have noticed that eventually the oil begins to smoke. The temperature when this occurs is called the "smoke point." At the smoke point, the fatty acids and glycerol molecules that make up the unsaturated fats in the oil begin to break down and form smoke. Different oils have different smoke points, and these smoke points depend on the molecular composition of the oils. Below is a table with data for four different types of cooking oils, including their smoke points (values are for 1 tablespoon each [15 ml]) . -Corn oil has 1.8 g saturated fat and 7.0 g unsaturated fat per tablespoon. Based on the data in the table, what can you reliably conclude about the smoke point of corn oil?

Complete the equation: monosaccharide + monosaccharide → ________ + water

The figure below shows ________.

A DNA molecule has the sequence TCAACTTGA. The equivalent RNA molecule would have the sequence ________.

A fat contains which molecular components?

What name is given to the following reaction? sucrose + water → glucose + fructose

Which substance is lowest in unsaturated fats?

Carbohydrates typically include ________.

A fat that is completed hydrogenated would be ________.

People with lactose intolerance do not have enough ________.

Scenario Cooking oils, such as olive oil, are largely made up of unsaturated fats. If you have ever heated cooking oil in a pan, you might have noticed that eventually the oil begins to smoke. The temperature when this occurs is called the "smoke point." At the smoke point, the fatty acids and glycerol molecules that make up the unsaturated fats in the oil begin to break down and form smoke. Different oils have different smoke points, and these smoke points depend on the molecular composition of the oils. Below is a table with data for four different types of cooking oils, including their smoke points (values are for 1 tablespoon each [15 ml]) . -Which statement about the data in the table is TRUE?

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GACGTCA, what will be the sequence of the other strand?