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Exam 2: The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

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Question 31

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Capillary action is one of the forces that aids water's upward movement in plants.The narrower the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise.Capillary action is a result of water molecules:

A) producing sufficient surface tension to overcome the pull of gravity.
B) having a strong cohesive force and attaching to the surrounding vessel walls.
C) storing heat and thus moving faster because of heat of vaporization.
D) having an adhesive force, which allows them to attach to the vessel walls.

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Question 32

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Your dog becomes ill and you rush him to the veterinarian's office.A technician draws blood from your dog's leg for a vet-ordered lab test.After a few minutes the lab results are given to the vet, who immediately grabs a bottle from a shelf and begins to fill a syringe with an unknown fluid.You inquire about the fluid, and the vet informs you that the fluid is necessary to manage your dog's metabolic acidosis.Based on the information provided, what is acidosis, and what is the likely effect of the veterinarian's injection?

A) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has dropped from its normal level, and an injection of saline is required to reverse the condition.
B) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has increased from its normal level, and an injection of saline is required to reverse the condition.
C) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has decreased from its normal level, and an injection of buffering solution is required to reverse the condition.
D) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has increased from its normal level, and an injection of buffering solution is required to reverse the condition.

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Question 33

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Atomic nuclei contain protons and _______.

Dennis had a history of heart disease in his family and was reducing his intake of saturated fats.Saturated means each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as it can accept.If a carbon were bonded to two carbons, how many hydrogens could it accept?

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

Oxygen-16 is abundant and has 8 protons and 8 neutrons.Oxygen-18 has two extra neutrons.These two forms are:

All atoms possess the ability to do work.The term that is defined as the ability to do work is:

Negatively charged subatomic particles that have almost no mass are called:

The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its:

To increase the rate of a reaction you could:

The reaction (H₂ + F₂ $\rightarrow$ 2HF) is an example of a redox reaction.In reality, two half reactions are occurring.The half reaction (H₂ $\rightarrow$ 2H⁺ + 2e^-) is a(n) :

A chemist adds a chemical to pure water and there is a 100 fold increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions.What is the best approximation of the new pH value?

Salt is often used to melt ice on roads during the winter because it lowers the freezing/melting point of water.When salt dissolves in water, individual Na⁺ and Cl^- ions break away from the salt lattice and become surrounded by water molecules.Why would this cause ice to melt?

Nitrogen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen.As a result you would expect that ammonia (NH₃) molecules can form ____ with each other.

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of:

Water is most dense and thus heaviest at 4 $\degree$ C.At 0 $\degree$ C, ice forms and the ice can float on liquid water.Suppose ice were more dense than water at 0 ^$\degree$ C.What would happen in a lake at this temperature?

The pH of your small intestines is around 7.5 and the pH of your large intestine can be 5.5.As substances travel from the small intestines to the large intestine, what would happen to the H⁺ ion concentration?

Water molecules are attracted to each other due to the opposite charges created by partial charge separations within the molecules.These attractions are called:

The smallest sub-atomic particle is the ______.

Why is it necessary to take special safety precautions when using radioactivity?