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Discuss Alderfer's ERG theory and how it compares to Maslow's theory.

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Alderfer's ERG theory collapsed the five...

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Organizational behavior modification is sometimes criticized because it


A) focuses on negative reinforcement.
B) cannot achieve sustainable improvement.
C) is overly controlling and can negatively impact creativity and individuality.
D) only works for general, subjective behaviors.
E) is a costly and marginally effective way to promote organizational productivity.

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________ drew attention to the important distinction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.


A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) Alderfer's ERG theory
C) Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory
D) McClelland's theory of needs
E) Equity theory

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Max, a top-rated manager, is intrinsically motivated. He is likely motivated by


A) the yearly bonus checks he receives when his team meets organizational targets.
B) the day-to-day reward he feels by performing his role well and achieving organizational goals.
C) regularly having one of his subordinates recognized as manager of the month.
D) the fear of not performing as well as other managers in the organization.
E) the likelihood of being promoted to the next level of management.

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Patrick is passionate about fitness and loves his job as a personal trainer. Patrick is extrinsically motivated.

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Prosocially motivated behavior


A) attempts to avoid censure or punishment.
B) is performed for social recognition and respect.
C) strives to conform to the norms of society.
D) is driven by the fear of punishment.
E) seeks to improve the well-being of other people.

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Although employees are not directly involved in the company's performance evaluation process, Jasmine believes she will be evaluated fairly. Jasmine perceives a high degree of ________ justice within the company.


A) procedural
B) informational
C) vicarious
D) distributive
E) interpersonal

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Melissa is driven to take on challenging tasks and perform them to the best of her ability. She also values her relationships with peers and makes time to build those connections. According to McClelland's needs theory, Melissa has a


A) high need for affiliation and a high need for achievement.
B) low need for affiliation and a low need for power.
C) low need for achievement and a low need for affiliation.
D) high need for power and a low need for affiliation.
E) low need for achievement and a high need for power.

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Christine is very driven and works hard to achieve her personal and organizational goals. She likes being viewed as an expert and team leader who has influence over her peers. She is also careful not to damage her relationships with her peers by being too bossy or demanding. Identify and define the three needs Christine exhibits in the context of McClelland's needs theory.

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Psychologist David McClelland extensivel...

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You manage a cafe and want to enhance the overall service experience of your customers. Brenda is a good server, but you would like her to improve her efficiency and rapport with customers. Provide two examples of positive reinforcers you could use to motivate Brenda.

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Positive reinforcers include any outcome...

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Discuss Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory. Differentiate between motivator needs and hygiene needs.

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Frederick Herzberg focused on two factor...

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Sanjay works for a large car dealership and is motivated by his sales commission. Sanjay is intrinsically motivated.

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As a medical resident, Brooke shadows an experienced surgeon in order to see surgical techniques first-hand. Brooke is participating in


A) self-reinforcement.
B) vicarious learning.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) organizational behavior modification.
E) operant conditioning.

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Julianna loves being a lawyer and feels a great sense of reward just doing her job each day. As someone prosocially motivated, Julianna also volunteers free legal advice at a local community center because


A) it is an unwritten rule that only employees who perform community service receive the highest performance ratings.
B) she is hoping to generate more business for the firm to secure her employment long-term.
C) to become a partner, she knows she needs to make a name for herself in the community.
D) her firm offers monthly rewards for employees who make a positive impact in the community.
E) she enjoys using her skills in another setting to benefit other people.

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Explain the different types of needs according to Maslow and how they relate to each other.

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Psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed tha...

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According to Herzberg's theory, ________ needs are related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed.


A) motivator
B) expectancy
C) instrumental
D) hygiene
E) valent

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________ theory expands a manager's understanding of motivation to include the effects of a person's thoughts and beliefs.


A) Goal-setting
B) ERG
C) Vicarious learning
D) Operant conditioning
E) Social learning

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As someone driven by intrinsic motivation, Luca works hard because


A) he appreciates the feeling of accomplishment his work provides him.
B) of the quarterly incentives only available for high performers.
C) he knows a promotion means a big pay raise.
D) it will increase his opportunities for a lateral transfer.
E) he knows the economy is struggling and layoffs are a possibility.

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One advantage of a positive reinforcement approach is that it simplifies the identification of the right behaviors to reinforce.

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At a departmental meeting, Stella's manager described an issue and asked for a volunteer to figure out a solution. Stella had previously encountered similar issues and was confident she could solve the problem, so she accepted the responsibility. Stella's behavior was influenced by


A) vicarious learning.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) a need for affiliation.
D) self-efficacy.
E) self-reinforcement.

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