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The definition of issues at stake in a negotiation may not change as the discussion evolves.

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The best way to manage perceptual and cognitive biases is:


A) to minimize them.
B) to hide them.
C) to understand how biases happen
D) to ignore them.

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emotions may lead parties to escalate the conflict.


A) Positive
B) Uncontrollable
C) Validated
D) Negative

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There are no benefits to anger.

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What can help prevent errors of anchoring and adjustment?

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Thorough preparation...

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Which of the following cognitive biases can lead negotiators to discount the worth or validity of the judgment of others?


A) Mythical fixed-pie beliefs
B) Irrational escalation of commitment
C) Overconfidence
D) Anchoring and adjustment

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Actor-observer effect can be thought of as "If I mess up, it's bad luck; if you mess up, it's your fault!"

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A key issue in perception and negotiation is framing. What is meant by framing?

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A frame is the subjective mech...

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Define perceptual distortion by generalization.

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Perceptual distortion by gener...

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What is stereotyping?

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Stereotyping occurs when attri...

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The irrational escalation of commitment bias refers to:


A) how easily information can be recalled and used to inform or evaluate a process of a decision.
B) the standard against which subsequent adjustments are measured during negotiation.
C) the perspective or point of view that people use when they gather information and solve problems.
D) a negotiator's commitment to a course of action, even when that commitment constitutes irrational behaviour on his/her part.

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Describe the impact of anxiety on negotiations.

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Brooks and Schweitzer, have shed light o...

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Stereotyping is the least common distortion of the perceptual process.

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Perception is the process by which individuals "connect" to their environment.

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Positive and negative emotions tend to be classified under the single term "happiness."

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Research by Brooks and Schweitzer revealed that negotiators who felt anxious performed worse than negotiators whose feelings were more neutral.

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Those who believe in the mythical fixed pie assume there is no possibility for integrative settlements and mutually beneficial trade-offs, and they suppress efforts to search for them.

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Moods and emotions are essentially the same thing.

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Which of the following lists the stages of the perceptual process in the correct order?


A) Stimulus, attention, recognition, translation, behaviour
B) Stimulus, behaviour, translation, attention, recognition
C) Stimulus, translation, attention, recognition, behaviour
D) Behaviour, stimulus, recognition, attention, translation

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In negotiation, when does the availability bias operate?

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When information that is prese...

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