Question 1

What is the graded change in membrane potential that occurs at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle called?

Accepted Answer

A)   action potential
B)   adrenergic potential
C)   end -plate potential
D)   muscarinic potential
E)   inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Question 2

Students who suffer from test anxiety often have some of the following symptoms: the need for frequent urination, dilated pupils, and a dry mouth. What branch of the autonomic nervous system would cause these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)   somatic
B)   enteric
C)   voluntary
D)   parasympathetic
E)   sympathetic

Question 3

Describe the synaptic junctions between the neurons of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems and their effector organs.

Accepted Answer

The neuroeffector junction describes the...

Question 4

Which of the following is indicative of the relative release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)   80% epinephrine : 20% dopamine
B)   100% acetylcholine
C)   80% norepinephrine : 20% dopamine
D)   80% norepinephrine : 20% epinephrine
E)   80% epinephrine : 20% norepinephrine

Question 5

Norepinephrine is one of the more important neurotransmitters of the peripheral nervous system. Identify the branches of the peripheral nervous system for which norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter and describe the receptors responsible for responding to norepinephrine. Include the mechanisms whereby these receptors transduce the response to norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

Neurons that release norepinephrine are ...

Question 6

The primary hormone released from the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

At rest, what is the relative contribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to the regulation of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only the parasympathetic system is active.
B)   Only the sympathetic system is active.
C)   Both systems are active but the parasympathetic predominates.
D)   Both systems are active but the sympathetic predominates.
E)   Neither system is active.

Question 8

What is the correct order for the steps of synaptic transmission at the motor end plate? 1. Acetylcholine binds to postsynaptic receptors.
2)  Acetylcholine is released by exocytosis.
3)  A graded depolarization is produced.
4)  An action potential is produced on the muscle cell membrane.
5)  Channels that primarily allow diffusion of sodium are opened.
6)  Voltage -dependent calcium channels on the plasma membrane open.
7)  An action potential arrives at the axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

A)   5, 7, 6, 2, 1, 4, 3
B)   7, 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 6
C)   6, 7, 2, 1, 3, 5, 4
D)   7, 5, 2, 1, 3, 4, 6
E)   7, 6, 2, 1, 5, 3, 4

Question 9

Test anxiety involves worry and dread about test performance and often interferes with normal learning and lowers test performance. 20 -30% of American students have experienced test anxiety. Some causes of test anxiety include fear of failure, waiting until the last minute to study, and/or those who have had trouble taking tests in the past. List at least five symptoms of test anxiety. Explain what autonomic division are the cause of the symptoms and its effect on target organs. Finally, what drug might be prescribed to alleviate the symptoms of text anxiety and explain its mode of action?

Accepted Answer

During states of excitement or stress yo...

Question 10

What enzyme degrades the neurotransmitter released from varicosities of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)   choline acetyl transferase
B)   catechol -O -methyltransferase only
C)   monoamine oxidase only
D)   catechol -O -methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase
E)   acetylcholinesterase

Question 11

Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system release neurotransmitter from

Accepted Answer

A)   dendrites.
B)   varicosities.
C)   axon hillock.
D)   somas.
E)   neuromuscular junction.

Question 12

Which of the following contributes to the ability of the sympathetic nervous system to produce widespread responses within the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   Several preganglionic neurons activate a single postganglionic neuron.
B)   One preganglionic neuron sends collaterals to multiple ganglia, affecting multiple postganglionic neurons.
C)   Multiple preganglionic neurons innervate each ganglion, sending out individual postganglionic neurons.
D)   One preganglionic neuron can activate only one postganglionic neuron.
E)   One postganglionic neuron branches into many collaterals that affect multiple organs.

Question 13

Atropine, first derived from the Atropa belladonna plant, is a nicotinic receptor antagonist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Neurons that release norepinephrine are referred to as adrenergic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The opening of a cation channel that allows both Na+ and K+ to move through will cause the membrane to because of the _.

Accepted Answer

A)   depolarize : greater K+ electrochemical gradient as compared with Na+
B)   hyperpolarize : greater K+ electrochemical gradient as compared with Na+
C)   depolarize : greater Na+ electrochemical gradient as compared with K+
D)   not change : same electrochemical gradient for K+ and Na+
E)   hyperpolarize : greater Na+ electrochemical gradient as compared with K+

Question 16

The nature of a response from the parasympathetic nervous system is determined by the anatomy of this system. Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic nervous system and how that differs from the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neurons from the parasympa...

Question 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE of communication across the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A)   Synaptic communication to the muscle cell can be excitatory or inhibitory.
B)   Acetylcholine released from a motor neuron binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
C)   Acetylcholinesterase located in mitochondria of the motor neuron degrades acetylcholine to acetate and choline.
D)   The end -plate potential is always of sufficient magnitude to depolarize the muscle cell to threshold to initiate an action potential.
E)   Acetylcholinesterase located in the cytosol of the motor neuron degrades acetylcholine to acetate and choline.

Question 18

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system emerge from the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)   lumbar region only
B)   thoracic and lumbar regions
C)   sacral region only
D)   thoracic region only
E)   lumbar and sacral regions

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system consists of efferent pathways with two peripheral neurons that travel in series from the central nervous system to the effector organ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What area of the brain initiates the fight -or -flight response by producing widespread activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)   cerebellum
B)   hypothalamus
C)   brainstem
D)   amygdala
E)   limbic system

Exam 11: The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Atropine, first derived from the Atropa belladonna plant, is a nicotinic receptor antagonist.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Neurons that release norepinephrine are ...
View Answer

Which of the following contributes to the ability of the sympathetic nervous system to produce widespread responses within the body?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is indicative of the relative release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla?

Correct Answer
verified

What enzyme degrades the neurotransmitter released from varicosities of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Correct Answer
verified

The autonomic nervous system consists of efferent pathways with two peripheral neurons that travel in series from the central nervous system to the effector organ.

Correct Answer
verified

Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system release neurotransmitter from

Correct Answer
verified

Students who suffer from test anxiety often have some of the following symptoms: the need for frequent urination, dilated pupils, and a dry mouth. What branch of the autonomic nervous system would cause these symptoms?

Correct Answer
verified

At rest, what is the relative contribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to the regulation of homeostasis?

Correct Answer
verified

The opening of a cation channel that allows both Na⁺and K⁺to move through will cause the membrane to because of the _.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the graded change in membrane potential that occurs at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle called?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the synaptic junctions between the neurons of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems and their effector organs.

Correct Answer
verified
The neuroeffector junction describes the...
View Answer

Neurons that release norepinephrine are referred to as adrenergic.

Correct Answer
verified

What area of the brain initiates the fight -or -flight response by producing widespread activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Correct Answer
verified

The nature of a response from the parasympathetic nervous system is determined by the anatomy of this system. Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic nervous system and how that differs from the sympathetic nervous system.

Correct Answer
verified
Preganglionic neurons from the parasympa...
View Answer

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system emerge from the spinal cord?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
During states of excitement or stress yo...
View Answer

The primary hormone released from the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is TRUE of communication across the neuromuscular junction?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Atropine, first derived from the Atropa belladonna plant, is a nicotinic receptor antagonist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedNeurons that release norepinephrine are ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following contributes to the ability of the sympathetic nervous system to produce widespread responses within the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is indicative of the relative release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What enzyme degrades the neurotransmitter released from varicosities of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The autonomic nervous system consists of efferent pathways with two peripheral neurons that travel in series from the central nervous system to the effector organ.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system release neurotransmitter from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students who suffer from test anxiety often have some of the following symptoms: the need for frequent urination, dilated pupils, and a dry mouth. What branch of the autonomic nervous system would cause these symptoms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At rest, what is the relative contribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to the regulation of homeostasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The opening of a cation channel that allows both Na+ and K+ to move through will cause the membrane to because of the _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the graded change in membrane potential that occurs at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the synaptic junctions between the neurons of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems and their effector organs.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe neuroeffector junction describes the...View AnswerShow Answer

Neurons that release norepinephrine are referred to as adrenergic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What area of the brain initiates the fight -or -flight response by producing widespread activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nature of a response from the parasympathetic nervous system is determined by the anatomy of this system. Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic nervous system and how that differs from the sympathetic nervous system.

Correct AnswerverifiedPreganglionic neurons from the parasympa...View AnswerShow Answer

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system emerge from the spinal cord?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedDuring states of excitement or stress yo...View AnswerShow Answer

The primary hormone released from the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE of communication across the neuromuscular junction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Neurons that release norepinephrine are ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The opening of a cation channel that allows both Na⁺and K⁺to move through will cause the membrane to because of the _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The neuroeffector junction describes the...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Preganglionic neurons from the parasympa...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
During states of excitement or stress yo...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified