Question 1

Determine the effect of hypokalemia on resting membrane potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypokalemia causes the membrane potential to become depolarized.
B)  Hypokalemia has no effect on resting membrane potential.
C)  Hypokalemia causes the membrane potential to become hyperpolarized.
D)  Hypokalemia promotes a more positive resting membrane potential.

Question 2

The following has been determined from an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample: an elevated blood pH and an elevated bicarbonate ion level.Determine the acid-base imbalance.

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory alkalosis
B)  metabolic acidosis
C)  metabolic alkalosis
D)  respiratory acidosis

Question 3

Which of the following dissociates into ions when placed in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolyte
B)  starch
C)  glucose
D)  nonelectrolyte

Question 4

Mrs.Frykholm is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis,which causes metabolic acidosis.She has experienced damage to her kidneys from diabetes mellitus.Predict how her body compensates to return her blood pH to normal.

Accepted Answer

A)  The kidney tubule cells will decrease hydrogen ion secretion into the filtrate.
B)  The kidney tubule cells will decrease bicarbonate ion reabsorption.
C)  Hyperventilation.
D)  Hypoventilation.

Question 5

Summarize the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)and vitamin D3 (calcitriol)in calcium ion and phosphate ion concentration regulation.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D3 (calcitriol)is a potent stimu...

Question 6

Discuss three hormones that regulate sodium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF).

Accepted Answer

The two main hormones that increase sodi...

Question 7

Predict the effect of hypertonic fluid on a cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypertonic fluids cause water to simultaneously be pulled into and then pushed out of a cell.
B)  Hypertonic fluids cause water to be pulled into the cytosol and the cell swells.
C)  Hypertonic fluids cause no water movement into or out of the cell.
D)  Hypertonic fluids cause water to move out of the cytosol and the cell shrinks.

Question 8

Identify the major extracellular and intracellular cations in body fluids.

Accepted Answer

The most abundant extracellula...

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a compensation for respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kidney tubule cells will increase secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate.
B)  The kidney tubule cells will produce new bicarbonate ions from glutamine.
C)  The kidney tubule cells will increase reabsorption of bicarbonate ions from the filtrate.
D)  The kidney tubule cells will increase reabsorption of calcium ions from the filtrate.

Question 10

Which hormone promotes the reabsorption of water from the kidneys back into the ECF by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone
B)  atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
C)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  angiotensin-II

Question 11

Through what two systems is carbon dioxide eliminated from the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory and urinary systems
B)  digestive and urinary systems
C)  integumentary and skeletal systems
D)  cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Question 12

Where are the majority of calcium ions stored in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  osseous tissue
B)  intracellular fluid
C)  extracellular fluid
D)  loose connective tissue

Question 13

The human body stores more fluids in the extracellular compartment than in the intracellular compartment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Summarize the following terms: acid,base,and buffer.

Accepted Answer

An acid is a chemical that dissociates i...

Question 15

Which ions are critical for the activation of some enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorine ions
B)  magnesium ions
C)  chlorine ions
D)  potassium ions

Question 16

What part of the brain controls the thirst mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongata
B)  hypothalamus
C)  cerebellum
D)  pons

Question 17

Hydrogen ion secretion is coupled with:

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate ion reabsorption.
B)  a resulting decrease in blood pH.
C)  phosphate reabsorption.
D)  calcium ion secretion.

Question 18

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH)levels rise,less water is reabsorbed via the kidneys,the ECF volume decreases,and urine production increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What type of neuron detects changes in plasma osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

A)  baroreceptor
B)  osmoreceptor
C)  nociceptor
D)  chemoreceptor

Question 20

Plasma has much higher protein content than interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis

Which of the following is NOT a compensation for respiratory acidosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following dissociates into ions when placed in water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Through what two systems is carbon dioxide eliminated from the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Determine the effect of hypokalemia on resting membrane potential.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Predict the effect of hypertonic fluid on a cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)and vitamin D3 (calcitriol)in calcium ion and phosphate ion concentration regulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedVitamin D3 (calcitriol)is a potent stimu...View AnswerShow Answer

What type of neuron detects changes in plasma osmolarity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the majority of calcium ions stored in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mrs.Frykholm is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis,which causes metabolic acidosis.She has experienced damage to her kidneys from diabetes mellitus.Predict how her body compensates to return her blood pH to normal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone promotes the reabsorption of water from the kidneys back into the ECF by osmosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What part of the brain controls the thirst mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH)levels rise,less water is reabsorbed via the kidneys,the ECF volume decreases,and urine production increases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which ions are critical for the activation of some enzymes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the major extracellular and intracellular cations in body fluids.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe most abundant extracellula...View AnswerShow Answer

Hydrogen ion secretion is coupled with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss three hormones that regulate sodium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF).

Correct AnswerverifiedThe two main hormones that increase sodi...View AnswerShow Answer

The following has been determined from an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample: an elevated blood pH and an elevated bicarbonate ion level.Determine the acid-base imbalance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human body stores more fluids in the extracellular compartment than in the intracellular compartment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma has much higher protein content than interstitial fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the following terms: acid,base,and buffer.

Correct AnswerverifiedAn acid is a chemical that dissociates i...View AnswerShow Answer

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Vitamin D3 (calcitriol)is a potent stimu...
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The most abundant extracellula...
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The two main hormones that increase sodi...
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An acid is a chemical that dissociates i...
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