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Exam 2: Research Methodology

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Question 61

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In which of the following types of descriptive studies does a researcher remain separated from the situation and make no attempt to change it?

A) naturalistic observation
B) participant observation
C) longitudinal study
D) cross-sectional study

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Question 62

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following statements is true of theories in science?

A) Good theories lead to a number of testable hypotheses.
B) A good hypothesis will support a number of different theories.
C) Good theories are unlikely to be supported by research findings.
D) A good hypothesis will ultimately replace the theory it was designed to test.

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Question 63

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Researchers are likely to choose a correlational design when

Dr.Smith reads about a research study investigating whether a reading intervention has a positive effect on children's performances in school.She decides to repeat the same study to see if she obtains similar results.She is engaging in

Before psychologists can begin a research project with human participants, they must receive approval from the

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of events in a typical experimental session?

Researchers assess people's performances with respect to a given behavior at the beginning of a study before manipulating a variable so they can identify what happens to behavior when they manipulate a variable.The use of control groups and groups that experience a manipulation of a variable is characteristic of

Suppose a researcher intended to study people's levels of happiness by monitoring how often they smile or laugh when watching a movie.If this measurement truly indicates level of happiness, psychologists would say that the data are

Students who study little for tests tend to make more errors on tests; students who study a lot tend to make fewer errors.If a researcher collected data on both amount of studying and test scores, he or she would likely spot an)

When confounds are present in an experiment, they result in

Which of the following formal elements of the scientific method consists of a set of interconnected ideas or concepts?

Paloma randomly assigns participants to two groups.She wants to compare a group that receives a treatment with a group that receives no treatment.The group that gets no treatment is the group.

Suppose a research study does a good job at making sure the results generalize to the real world, but does NOT do a good job preventing confounds.This research study

Why do scientists and researchers use statistical methods to determine whether their results are statistically significant?

How are the scientific goals of description and explanation different?

Using correlational studies, Dr.Shemmassian studies whether exposure to violence in the media leads to violent behavior.Suppose she finds that participants who have been exposed to more violence in the media are, in general, more violent, but it is not clear which one causes the other.The problem in interpreting her results involves

If you want to know how far apart scores in a data set tend to be, you could use the

According to the text, variables, by definition,

Any researcher who is interested in studying creativity must

If a researcher shared the email addresses of study participants with an advertising agency not involved in the study, that researcher would be guilty of violating what specific ethical principle?